$ Halozyme reported revenues of 18.4 million, a net loss of $ 16.3 million for Q2 2014

$ Halozyme reported revenues of 18.4 million, a net loss of $ 16.3 million for Q2 2014 -

Halozyme Therapeutics, Inc. (NASDAQ: HALO) announced today its financial results for the second quarter ended June 30, 2014. financial Highlights for the second quarter include revenues of $ 18.4 million and a net loss of $ 16.3 million, or 0.13 $ per share. This compares to revenues of $ 14.5 million and a net loss of $ 22.9 million, or $ 0.20 per share for the second quarter of 2013.

"It was quarter significant progress in our proprietary programs and partners, "said Dr. Helen Torley, President and CEO. "We are pleased to have resolved the clinical hold and resume patient enrollment and dosing in our Phase 2 clinical trial for PEGPH20 in patients with pancreatic cancer. The launch of MabThera ^® SC, ramp sales continue Herceptin ^® SC in Europe, and the recent vote by the Advisory Blood Products Committee (CBCP) of the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) that HyQvia Baxter has a favorable benefit to risk profile, continue to validate our own. Enhanze ™ platform, "

Highlights of the second quarter

• patient dosing and registration resumed PEGPH20 clinical program in cancer pancreas for: in June, the FDA removed the clinical hold on patient enrollment and dosing of PEGPH20 in Phase 2 trials ongoing (study 202) evaluating PEGPH20 in patients with cancer pancreatic allowing the study to include in a revised protocol. changes to the study protocol 202 include the additional use of heparin low molecular weight as prophylaxis and modification of inclusion / exclusion criteria to exclude patients who may be at higher risk of thromboembolic events. in addition to the more than 100 patients already enrolled in the study, Halozyme plans to include a similar number of additional patients. About 75% of the planned clinical sites received the approval of the independent review boards and the Company foresees the continuation of IRB approval in the coming weeks.
• CONSISTENT 1 test results in type 1 diabetes patients presented in the poster late breaker ADA: 1 test evaluates COMPLIANT Hylenex ^® recombinant and a new formulation of Hylenex currently under review by the FDA when used as pretreatment insulin infusion site in patients with type 1 diabetes receiving insulin infusion subcutaneous continuous with no pretreatment. The data reported in a poster presentation at 74 ^e Scientific Sessions of the American Diabetes Association in San Francisco showed that the study met its primary endpoint of non-inferiority in A1C six months between the use of Hylenex and the new formulation of Hylenex compared to no pretreatment. The poster also presented data indicating that there was a potential reduction in hypoglycemic event rates associated with the use of Hylenex formulations in comparison with no pretreatment.
• MabThera ^® SC launched by Roche in the first EU market: in June 2014, Roche launched the European launch its new subcutaneous (SC) formulation of MabThera (rituximab) using recombinant human hyaluronidase Halozyme (rHuPH20) for the treatment of patients with follicular lymphoma and diffuse large cell lymphoma B. the wording previously approved MabThera is administered by intravenous infusion that takes about 2.5 hours. The new formulation MabThera SC can be administered subcutaneously in about 5 minutes and is presented as a fixed dose, ready to use solution, 1400 mg, which shortens the pharmacy preparation time and reduces overall impact on hospital resources. The first commercial launch in the EU triggered a milestone payment of $ 5 million to Halozyme.

for the second quarter and six months 2014 Financial Highlights

• Revenues for the second quarter 2014 were $ 18.4 million compared to $ 14.5 million for the second quarter of 2013. turnover in the second quarter included $ 6.0 million in sales of rHuPH20 bulk products for use in the manufacture of Roche products, revenue $ 7.2 million collaboration, $ 3.0 in Hylenex product sales, and $ 1.7 million in royalty income from sales of products under our collaborations ®. Revenues for the six months was $ 30.4 million compared to $ 26.3 million for the period 2013
• The costs of research and development corresponding to the second quarter 2014 were was $ 18.6 million, compared to $ 28.0 million in the second quarter of 2013. the decrease was primarily due to lower manufacturing costs, which are now included in the cost of product sales.
spending
• selling, general and administrative for the second quarter 2014 were $ 8.8 million compared to $ 7.3 million for the second quarter of 2013. The increase was primarily due to increased compensation costs and professional fees and patent.
• net loss for the second quarter 2014 was $ 16.3 million, or $ 0.13 per share, compared to a net loss for the second quarter of 2013 of $ 22.9 million, or 0 $ 20 per share. The net loss for the six months to date was $ 42.8 million or $ 0.35 per share compared to a net loss of $ 42.2 million or $ 0.38 per share for the first six months of 2013 .
• cash, cash equivalents and marketable securities were $ 147.6 million at June 30, 2014 compared to $ 164.5 million at March 31, 2014. net cash used in the second quarter 2014 was approximately $ 16.9 million.

Epigenetics has a big say in the formation of blood

Epigenetics has a big say in the formation of blood -

blood stem cells have the potential to turn into any type of blood cell, whether the cell red that carry oxygen, or the many types of white blood cells of the immune system that help fight infection. How exactly the fate of these stem cells is regulated? Preliminary results of research conducted by scientists at the Weizmann Institute of the Hebrew University begin to reshape the conventional understanding of the decisions the fate of stem cells so blood are controlled through a new technique that epigenetic analysis 'they have developed. Understanding epigenetic mechanisms (environmental influences other than genetics) cell fate could lead to the study of molecular mechanisms of many diseases, including immune disorders, anemia, leukemia, and many more. It also lends strong support to findings that environmental factors and lifestyle play a more important role in the development of our destiny

The process of differentiation -. In which a stem cell becomes a specialized blood cell maturity - is controlled by a cascade of events in which specific genes are turned "on" and "off" in a highly regulated and precise order. Instructions for this process are contained in the DNA itself in short regulatory sequences. These regulatory regions are normally in a "closed" state masked by special proteins called histones to ensure against unwarranted activation. Therefore, to access and "activate" the instructions, this DNA mask should be "open" by epigenetic histone modifications so that it can be read by machines needed.

In an article published in science , Dr. Ido Amit and David Lara-Astiaso Department of Immunology at the Weizmann Institute, in collaboration with Professor Nir Friedman and Weiner Assaf the Hebrew University of Jerusalem, compiled for the first time the dynamics in the development of blood time histones. Thank you to the new epigenetic profiling technique they developed, wherein a handle cells - as little as 500 - can be sampled and analyzed accurately, they identified the exact DNA sequences, and the various regulatory proteins which are involved in regulating the processes of fate of blood stem cells

Their research unexpected results also gave :. up to 50% of these regulatory sequences are set up and open during the intermediate stages of cell development. This means that epigenetics is active at stages in which it was thought that the cell fate has already been set. "It changes our whole understanding of the decision process of the fate of blood stem cells," says Lara-Astiaso, "suggesting that the process is more dynamic and flexible than previously thought."

Although this research was conducted on mice blood stem cells, scientists believe that the mechanism may be true for other types of cells. "this research creates a lot of excitement in the field because it lays the foundation to study these regulatory elements in humans, "says Weiner. Discover the exact regulatory DNA sequence control stem cell fate as well as understanding of its mechanism are promising for the future development of diagnostic tools, medicine personalized, potential therapeutic and nutritional interventions, and medicine perhaps regeneration, in which committed the cells could be reprogrammed to their full potential of stem cells.

Novogen says the results of the meeting of shareholders

Novogen says the results of the meeting of shareholders -

biotechnology company Australia-US Novogen Ltd (ASX: NRT NASDAQ: NVGN), a development company drugs in oncology and degenerative diseases, today announced the results of its general meeting of shareholders held on August 12 in Sydney, Australia. A total of 28.3 shares were represented in person or by proxy at the meeting, at which the following resolutions were adopted (95% in favor):

RESOLUTION 1. APPROVAL sUBSEQUENT CONVERSION SHARE ISSUE
"that, for the purposes of registration rule 7.1 and for all other purposes, subsequent approval is given under listing rule 7.4 to the allotment and issue of the shares of conversion as described in the explanatory memorandum. "

RESOLUTION 2. aPPROVAL GRANTED thE dE NEW sHARES aND sUBSCRIPTION wARRANTS ATTACHED dE
"That, for the purposes of registration rule 7.1 and Article 50.1 of the Constitution of the Company and for all other purposes, approval is given to increasing the share capital by issuing a maximum of 80 million new shares and up to 80 million warrants attached to the Company to increase to approximately $ 20 million as described in the explanatory memorandum. "

Graham Kelly Ph.D., CEO Novogen Group and Executive Chairman, said:" These two resolutions are to provide the Commission with the ability to increase working capital Novogen needs to implement 3 drug candidates into the clinic. the approved resolutions now give the Council the flexibility to adapt capital-raisings to specific requirements depending when capital is needed and in response to market conditions. "

"the first product that we must support is Cantrixil, the results Novogen-Yale joint venture, currently CanTX Inc., makes us ready product to the clinic in order to conduct a Phase 1 trial in women with advanced ovarian cancer in the United States by mid-2015. "

" is the second product Trilexium, a drug candidate under development for the treatment of neural cancers such as glioblastoma and other primary brain cancers in adults and children. This is part of a global initiative called MINDTrx (Multi-Centre Initiative for the development of Trilexium), and is being prepared to enter a Phase 1 trial in patients with glioblastoma in Australia once again to the mid-2015. "

" Our anti-tropomyosin (ATM) drug program has progressed faster than we had originally planned and with an excellent opportunity to move into the clinic in 2015. While drugs super-benzopyran candidates are exciting because they show for the first time a realistic possibility for treating cancer in its early stages, the possibility ATM drug is destroying the cytoskeleton globally about the cancer cell to a level not reached before offering probably a cytotoxic effect on a range of common cancers. This will be the third drug to enter the clinic with advanced prostate cancer targeted clinical indication, "added Kelly.

Immediately after the general meeting, a briefing was held for shareholders and the public Describing R & D Company, clinics and growth strategies. the information meeting was video recorded and will be available on the website of the Company at the close of business Monday, 18 August

testicular cancer incidence: an interview with Dr. Rebecca Johnson, Medical Director, Adolescent and Young Adult Oncology Program Ho Seattle Children ...

testicular cancer incidence: an interview with Dr. Rebecca Johnson, Medical Director, Adolescent and Young Adult Oncology Program Ho Seattle Children ... -

interview by April Cashin-Garbutt , BA Hons (Cantab)

Dr. Rebecca Johnson, MD THOUGHT LEADERS SERIES ... overview of the world's foremost experts

What are the main results your recent study?

We observed that during the last two decades, there has been an increase in testicular cancer incidence among US Hispanic teens and young adults (Ayas) between 15 and 39 years.

This increase is seen in the two main subtypes of testicular cancer and affects patients of Hispanic AYA with all stages of disease at diagnosis.

Have you found an increase in other men?

No comparable increase was seen in non-Hispanic whites or Ayas among American men independent of Hispanic ethnicity.

Between 1992 and 2010, the incidence of testicular cancer AYA Hispanics increased by 58% against only 7% in non-Hispanic whites Ayas.

Which populations are most at risk for testicular cancer in the United States?

Hispanic Americans are the ethnic group the fastest growing in the United States. Until recently, data on the incidence of cancer in this population was too sparse to analyze testicular cancer trends accurately among Hispanic men. Our study provides new evidence of a significant trend in the incidence of cancer among Hispanics.

Testicular cancer strikes non-Hispanic white men more often than other ethnic groups. The incidence of testicular cancer among non-Hispanic white men is known to have increased in the 1980s and have stabilized since the early 190s

In contrast, the incidence of testicular cancer among white Hispanic men has been steadily increasing since 1992.

If the current trends continue, the testicular cancer rates among Hispanic Americans is higher than that of white men not -hispaniques by the end of this decade. It would be the first time that testicular cancer rates in a minority ethnic group exceeded that of non-Hispanic whites.

What clinicians and patients should understand about testicular cancer among Hispanics?

The increasing testicular cancer rates among Hispanic men AYA, combined with the rapid growth of the Hispanic population in the US, is expected to have a measurable impact on the health care system health in the United States.

Clinicians should keep in mind that testicular cancer is not just a disease of non-Hispanic white men, but is increasingly a disease of Hispanic men as well.

Hispanic Americans are the fastest growing population of the United States.

because of the combination of population growth and the increasing incidence of testicular cancer among Hispanic clinicians who treat testicular cancer will be seeing more and more patients of Hispanic Heritage .

men or women of any age or ethnicity should remember that if they detect an unexplained lump or bump on their body, they should see their doctor promptly.

What recommendations do you have for future research as a result of this study?

This study reported a new trend in the incidence of cancer, but does not evaluate the causes of the trend. Future studies should confirm these findings in other countries that have significant Hispanic populations.

Further research should also investigate the etiology of increased incidence of cancer among Hispanic Ayas.

The cause of the increase can be multi-factorial. the risk of testicular cancer in Hispanic white Ayas can potentially be mediated by nutritional factors such as adult size.

Height of Grand adult is a known risk factor for testicular cancer, and adult height has increased rapidly in the US Hispanic white population in recent decades.

Changing modifiable lifestyle choices modes such as the reported increase in marijuana use among Hispanic adolescents may also affect the incidence of testicular cancer.

where readers find more information?

Dog, FL, Schwartz SM Johnson, RH (2014), the increase in the incidence of germ cell tumors of the testes among Hispanic youth and young adults in the United States. Cancer. doi: 10.1002 / cncr.28684

About Dr. Rebecca Johnson

Rebecca Johnson, MD, is a oncologist specializing in adolescents and young adults (Ayas). She is the founder of the oncology program recognized nationally for adolescents and young adults (AYA) Children's Hospital in Seattle.

His medical training includes pediatrics, internal medicine, genetics and pediatric oncology. His research interests include the epidemiology of cancer, and she and her colleagues have recently reported that the incidence of metastatic breast cancer is increasing among women under 40 years.

She is also interested in fertility preservation and the use of new media to facilitate education, psychosocial support and treatment adherence in patients AYA oncology.

Johnson has participated in the development of the NCCN AYA Oncology Care Guidelines and the NCCN Guidelines for AYA cancer patients. She was co-chair of the steering committee of the LIVESTRONG Young Adult Alliance, vice president of the interim board of directors and later Emeritus Board of Critical Mass: Young Adult Cancer Alliance.

She is a member of the American Society of integrated media technology and clinical oncology Commission and advisory boards for both AYA Oncology Group Committee for Children and the Canadian Partnership for Task Force AYA cancer .

ITS develops a new T-cell vaccine to protect humans from seasonal and pandemic influenza A

ITS develops a new T-cell vaccine to protect humans from seasonal and pandemic influenza A -

Immune Targeting Systems (ITS), specializing in the development of immune therapies novel T cell, has been the development of a new vaccine T cells exciting (Flunisyn ^TM ) to protect humans from all seasonal influenza strains and pandemic A. to determine effectiveness Flunisyn of ^TM STI produces its own living influenza challenge agent derived from influenza A / California / 09 (H1N1) virus circulating recently. This challenge virus, manufactured in compliance with the high level of quality and characterization required by the FDA of the United States and other regulatory agencies, has a much better profile infectivity reported for similar challenge virus. While the primary objective in the development of its own challenge virus was to advance the development of Flunisyn ^TM and to better understand the natural history of the disease influenza, needs to make the virus available to enable and support the development of new antiviral drugs and vaccines.

Immune Targeting Systems today announced an asset purchase agreement with Global WCCT (WCCTG) for ITS "exclusive strain developed challenge. Through this partnership, WCCTG became the only commercial company offering sponsors the opportunity to challenge studies Flu widespread in the United States. The Experimental human viral challenge model has been widely accepted as an alternative to traditional field testing at an early stage to show the efficacy of antiviral treatments and vaccines. The WCCTG facility in Costa Mesa, California, has been completely redesigned to provide private rooms, separate ventilation and other standard containment measures to receive this valuable research model and to ensure the safety and comfort of volunteers and staff.

Benjamin Chen, PhD, CEO of Immune Targeting Systems said, "We are delighted that World WCCT took over ownership of this important clinical tool for research and we are confident they will use the virus . to help support the development of new vaccines and antiviral drugs "Kenneth Kim, MD, CEO of global WCCT said:" the ability to realize the challenge model of experimental influenza in collaboration with our deep expertise in developing anti-viral drugs will surely be of great interest to our sponsors. This new capability combined with our global full service capabilities, specialized project teams of flu, and in-depth scientific knowledge allows WCCTG manage vaccination programs and antiviral development First in Man by the NDA submission. "

More on Immune targeting Systems

Immune targeting Systems, Ltd. develops T cell vaccines at highly mutated viruses and cancers. The main product Flunisyn Company ™ vaccine has been shown in three clinical studies to stimulate the production of T cells that recognize and destroy cells infected with influenza. Flunisyn ™ is a pan-influenza A vaccine applicable to multiple strains of flu without needing to be re-manufactured for each influenza season or a pandemic. The Company is also developing two other product candidates: a therapeutic vaccine against Hepatitis B for chronic hepatitis B and a vaccine against cancer for solid tumors. ITS is supported by the Novartis Venture Fund, Truffle Capital, HealthCap, Esperante Ventures Finance and large SMEs.

Search valid Myc inhibition as effective therapeutic strategy for glioma

Search valid Myc inhibition as effective therapeutic strategy for glioma -

Research by the Vall d'Hebron Institute of Oncology (VHIO) evidence Preclinical results the day to more conclusive validation of myc inhibition as a therapeutic strategy in gliomas - a type of aggressive tumor that outsmarts current anticancer therapies known. The study by Laura Soucek, principal investigator of VHIO's Mouse Models of Cancer Therapies Group, published today in Nature Communications not only represents an important step in providing ultimately brain glioma patients with new therapeutic avenues, but also reveals new insights into the biology of Myc that could favor the impact on its therapeutic potential.

in a study published last year, the group succeded in eradicating lung tumors in transgenic mice by adopting the same strategy involving expression Omomyc, Myc inhibitor designed by Soucek. They also confirmed that there were no side effects after administration of repeated treatment and long term. Above all, there was no evidence of resistance to therapy - one of the greatest challenges in the treatment of cancer. These results confirm Myc inhibition as a sound and effective therapeutic strategy for the development of new drugs against cancer.

Soucek and his group were to raise the bar even higher. First, focus on based on gene expression in the experimental study therapy progressed and re-programmed on the development of a drug based Omomyc manageable. Second, the group continued to show the effectiveness of Myc inhibition in different tumors and, above and beyond the transgenic models, they showed the same success in human tumors using a technique that transfers cells human cancer in immunodeficient mice. " When presenting the initial results at the preclinical level, our main concern was how to not show these results in human tumors " said Laura Soucek . " First, we focused on how they might apply to other tissues and other types of more aggressive tumors for which there is no treatment effective, so that Omomyc solution could make all the difference. We also sought to reveal new knowledge Omomyc on the mechanism of action in cancer cells. " It appears that Soucek group has now found answers to all these questions. " All our efforts must now focus on finding a way for the pharmacological administration. Based on our ongoing research, we have every reason to be optimistic " says Soucek.

A new therapy for tumor most common and aggressive brain

After four years' extensive research, these results bring more good news and with them, preclinical inhibition Myc was also validated as a therapeutic strategy against astrocytoma, a type of glioma in vivo in mouse models in vitro stem cells in these tumors. In these models, which develop advanced brain tumors with clear neurological symptoms, treatment with Omomyc transgene drastically reduces tumors and improves symptoms until the mouse recovers and starts acting quite normally. Mice treated with Omomyc survived, while those without, do not. " We do not prevent there " says Soucek " we applied therapy with the two Omomyc lines of human glioblastoma cells and mice with tumor xenografts derived from patients that faithfully recapitulate human tumors. " the therapeutic effect of Omomyc is its structure, which is similar to that Myc, to block the transcription of genes controlled by this protein. Myc inhibition leads to "defects" in the tumor cells and often results in death inducing mitotic aberrations, normal cell division and stop.

" Our results show undoubtedly that Myc inhibition is effective in mouse tumors and more particularly in human glioma. " she explains. The group demonstrated the therapeutic potential of additional Omomyc through their clinical approach against the most common and aggressive primary tumor to affect the adult central nervous system - glioblastoma, for which there is a critical call to improve treatment current that are largely ineffective. " This is the first time that the use of Omomyc in human tumor samples have been validated. We also confirmed that the Myc inhibition is effective against the tumor once it developed acts against tumor initiating cells, and prevents them from dividing, proliferate and form again the tumor. "continues Dr. Soucek.

mitotic catastrophe that the therapeutic mechanism of inhibition of myc

The Myc protein plays an important role in regulating gene transcription, regulating the expression of up to 15% of human genes. It is also involved in cell proliferation, differentiation and apoptosis (programmed cell death is necessary for tissue regeneration and the removal of damaged cells). However, alterations in this protein cause uncontrolled cell proliferation, which may lead to developing cancer in different tissues. myc deregulation is in fact present in most tumors, such as cervical cancer, breast, colon, lung, pancreas and stomach.

Brain tumors can now be added to this list of potential tumors can be targeted with Myc inhibition.

At the cellular level, we now know more about its mechanism of action. Whatever the experimental system used, the Myc inhibition reduces proliferation and increasing cell death. " Importantly, the cells we dealt with Omomyc went crazy. They showed problems with cell proliferation, aberrant mitosis and cell formation with many nuclei that died by mitotic catastrophe, which is due to the inability to properly divide " says Laura Soucek. " If we do not allow Myc function normally, tumor cells can not divide efficiently. " she says. Myc is deregulated in healthy cells, therefore, its inhibition does not cause significant side effects that may limit the use of this therapy.

Finally, the Myc inhibition as a therapeutic strategy against tumors of the brain opens up new avenues tagging new hope and improvement of more effective therapies for patients. Soucek and his team are focused on translating their findings into the clinic. Preliminary results show promise.

Risk of urinary tract infection after biopsy of the highest prostate in men with previous infections

Risk of urinary tract infection after biopsy of the highest prostate in men with previous infections -

risk of urinary tract infections after prostate biopsy the higher in men with previous infections or significant comorbidities, Swedish researchers report in T he Journal of Urology ^®

ultrasound TRUS-guided biopsy is the gold standard for detecting prostate cancer, but international reports have suggested that the number of risks associated with the procedure increases. In a new study based on the population nationwide, Swedish researchers found that six percent of men filled a prescription for antibiotics for a urinary tract infection within 30 days after having a prostate biopsy, with a double increase in hospital admissions over five years, reports the Journal of Urology®.

previous studies reported serious side effects after prostate biopsy, including infection of febrile urinary tract and urosepsis in one to four percent of men, despite the use prophylactic antibiotics. There have also been reports that chronic diseases such as diabetes, benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH), and a history of urinary tract infection increases the risk of infections.

To estimate the incidence of infection after prostate biopsy and evaluate infection risk factors and mortality at 0 days in Sweden, researchers examined more than 51,000 men enrolled in folders Swedish prostate cancer database who underwent transrectal ultrasound guided prostate biopsy between 06 and 2011. They also compiled the data from the National Register of prostate cancer (NPCR) of Sweden, which captures more 96 percent of all newly diagnosed cancers of the prostate in the country.

"We sought to estimate the frequency and severity of infectious complications in men diagnosed with prostate cancer after prostate biopsy by examining how many men prescriptions of antibiotics related to tract infections urinary, hospitalization rates within 30 days, and death due to infection filled, "says lead investigator Karl-Johan Lundström, MD, Department of surgery and perioperative Sciences, Urology, Andrology, Umeå University , Ostersund, Sweden. "We also capitalized on the unique databases at national health care crosslinked scale in Sweden to make a more comprehensive assessment of potential risk factors for infectious complications," he added.

Among men who filled a prescription for antibiotics urinary tract within 30 days of biopsy, 54 percent completed the requirement in the first week after the biopsy. One percent of men were hospitalized with a urinary tract infection.

Between 06 and 2011, the number of men getting a prescription for antibiotics after the biopsy has declined, while the number who were hospitalized increased. Was observed no significant increase in mortality of 0 days, however.

The most risk of antibiotic prescribing factors were multiple comorbidities, especially diabetes, and prior infection. Overall, about two percent of the men had a urinary tract infection in the six months preceding the biopsy.

"Our data show that severe infections requiring hospitalization after prostate biopsy increases in Sweden. The rate of admission to hospital has increased twofold during this five-year period. However, the risk to die of infection after prostate biopsy is very small, "observed Dr Lundström. "The risk of post-biopsy infection is highest among men with a history of urinary tract infections and those with significant comorbidities. The increased risk of hospitalization is concerning and highlights the importance of 'carefully assess indications for biopsy particularly in men at increased risk of infection, "he concludes.

Patients with intestinal polyps are less likely to die from cancer

Patients with intestinal polyps are less likely to die from cancer -

Patients with intestinal polyps have a lower risk of dying from cancer that 'previously thought, according to Norwegian researchers.

This group of patients may therefore need supervision colonoscopy less frequent than what is common today. As a potential concequence, the researchers argue, resources of health services can be diverted to other patient groups.

The results were published today in the New England Journal of Medicine (NEJM).

The world's largest
----------------

the Norwegian study is the world's largest of its kind , and involved the monitoring of patients over a longer time than has been done period.

researchers estimated the risk of colorectal mortality among more than 40,000 Norwegian patients who underwent removal of polyps. They were then followed for up to 19 years. All deaths were recorded.

No increased risk
--------------

"The results indicate that patients who had colorectal polyps removed, not have a higher risk of death from colorectal cancer than the general population in Norway, "says co-author Dr. Mette Kalager.

a public health problem
--------- -----------------

is the colorectal cancer one of the most common cancers in Norway and is a major public health problem. More than 3,0 new cases are registered in the country every year, and the incidence has increased rapidly in recent decades.

According to national guidelines in Norway, patients who previously have removed polyps are recommended screening by colonoscopy. This is recommended because of the assumption that these patients have an increased risk of colorectal cancer.

The number of patients waiting in line for this kind of testing is growing rapidly, however, later put pressure on hospital resources.

Say Dr. Magnus Løberg, author and principal member research team

"Patients with polyps patients may not need such surveillance colonoscopy Frequently we have today the resources could instead be used in symptomatic patients. ".

research team members are affiliated with Oslo University Hospital and the University of Oslo.

TGen to lead the first patient in the clinical trial studies to test new drugs for glioblastoma

TGen to lead the first patient in the clinical trial studies to test new drugs for glioblastoma -

glioblastoma pilot funded by the Ivy Foundation

in 2012, the Ben and Catherine Ivy Foundation awarded $ 10 million in grants to two research projects on the brain revolutionary cancer at the Translational Genomics research Institute (TGen). One project officially received final regulatory approval from the University of California, San Francisco, meaning that patient enrollment in the trial can begin.

In the proposed $ 5 million, "Genomics Enabled Medical glioblastoma trial," TGen and its clinical partners lead early in patients of clinical trial studies that will test promising new drugs that could extend the survival of GBM patients. This multi-part study will take place in clinics across the country and TGen laboratories.

"GBM is one of the top three most cancers kill fast-la- low and it affects people of all ages, "said Catherine (Bracken) Ivy, founder and president of the Ben and Catherine Ivy Foundation. "It is essential that we fund research that will help patients live longer so we can investigate and treat brain cancer."

The project began with a pilot study on 15 patients, using whole genome sequencing to study their tumor samples to help doctors determine which medications might be more beneficial.

to support clinical decisions molecularly, the TGen lab also examine genomic data from at least 536 past cases of glioblastoma, and new cases of tumor samples, development tools for produce more insight into how glioblastoma tumors grow and survive. TGen also conduct a series of pioneering laboratory tests to measure cell responses cell to various drugs.

"GBM is a disease that needs answers now, and we firmly believe these answers are found in the genome," said Dr. David Craig, TGen Deputy Director of Bioinformatics, Director of the Neurogenomics Division TGen, and one of the principal investigators projects. "Identifying the genes that contribute to the survival of glioblastoma will provide valuable information on how to treat it, and can also lead to a better understanding of what motivates other cancers."

for new treatments to patients as quickly as possible, this five-year study will include a feasibility study involving up to 30 patients, follow-up Phase II clinical trial with as many as 70 patients. TGen teamed with Ivy Early clinical trials Consortium phase which comprises: University of California, San Francisco; University of California, Los Angeles; the MD Anderson Cancer Center; Cancer Center Memorial Sloan Kettering; University of Utah; and the Dana-Farber / Harvard Cancer Center.

The results of these clinical trials should not only help patients who join them, but also to provide the data necessary for FDA approval and availability of new drugs that could benefit tens of thousands of brain cancer patients in the future.

"Working with doctors, the project will aim to include treatment as part of the molecular profile of the tumor. We have the opportunity to determine when combinations of drugs may be more effective than ' use a single drug, quickly identify therapies that do not work, and to accelerate the discovery of those who could prove promising for future development, "said Dr. John Carpten, deputy director of TGen basic sciences, director integrated genomics Division TGen cancer, and one of the principal investigators of the project.

in addition to helping patients as quickly as possible, the project is expected to significantly expand the network of Arizona expert brain cancer.

Factor in the cells of naked mole rats protects proteasome activity

Factor in the cells of naked mole rats protects proteasome activity -

Scientists at the Barshop Institute for Longevity and Aging Studies, part of School of medicine at the UT Health Science Center at San Antonio, found another secret to longevity in the tissues of the longest rodent, the naked mole-rat.

They reported that a factor in the cells of naked mole rats protects and modifies the activity of the proteasome, a garbage disposal for obsolete and damaged proteins.

The factor also protects proteasome function in human cells, mouse and yeast when challenged with various poisons proteasome, studies have shown. These proteasomes usually quickly stop the operation, leading to the accumulation of damaged proteins which further compromise the function of cells, which contributes to the vicious cycle that leads to cell death.

"I think this factor is part of a global process or mechanism by which the moles nude rats maintain quality protein," first study author Karl Rodriguez, Ph.D., said, .

in general, as an organism ages, not only are there more of damaged proteins in need of disposal, but the proteasome itself becomes

accordingly, the decline the quality of the damaged protein and less effective in the elimination of damaged proteins. which contributes to the functional decline observed during aging. Improved quality proteins, in turn, leads to a longer life in yeast, worms, flies and fruit naked mole rats, Dr. Rodriguez said.

Dr. Rodriguez, a native of San Antonio who completed both doctoral Health Sciences Centre and his master, is a postdoctoral fellow in the laboratory Rochelle Buffenstein, Ph.D., professor of physiology at the Barshop Institute. For this study, the laboratory Buffenstein also collaborated with Pawel Osmulski, Ph.D., assistant professor of molecular medicine; Susan Weintraub, PhD, professor of biochemistry; and Maria Gaczynska, Ph.D., associate professor of molecular medicine.

naked mole rats, digging underground tunnels in their native East Africa, are almost hairless rodents. They live as long as 32 years. naked mole rats maintain good health and reproductive potential without cancer well into their third decade of life.

Appointment signals a new approach to politics of drug abuse

Appointment signals a new approach to politics of drug abuse -

The appointment of Michael Botticelli to head the Office of National Drug Control Policy symbolizes transition to treatment with the drug use as public health rather than a criminal justice issue, writes the Washington post. Reuters examines how opioid abuse fears keep cancer patients to get relief from pain

The Washington Post :. The White House is spending billions to fight against drugs, but drug use is increasing
The White House officially named Michael Botticelli on Thursday to lead the Office of National Drug Control Policy, the office responsible supervise and administer the federal drug policy. The White House has been moving towards the treatment of drug use as a public health issue rather than a criminal justice. The appointment of Botticelli, himself a recovering alcoholic, perhaps the most significant concrete sign of this change to date (Ingraham, 8/29)

Reuters :. The Addiction fears Keep Cancer Patients From Getting Pain Relief
Fears of opiate abuse and dependence could keep patients with advanced cancer to get pain medicine enough, say researchers. "At the end of life, we should feel comfortable providing everything needed to control the pain," said Joel Hyatt, assistant regional director at Kaiser Permanente (Belisomo, 8/29).

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This article was reprinted from kaiserhealthnews.org with permission from the Henry J. Kaiser Family Foundation. Kaiser health News, an editorially independent news service, is a Kaiser Family Foundation program, a professional politician health research nonpartisan organization affiliated with Kaiser Permanente.

Diabetes linked to increased risk head and neck

Diabetes linked to increased risk head and neck -

By Laura Cowen, medwireNews Reporter

risk People with diabetes mellitus have a significant increase in the development of head and neck cancer (HNC) compared to those without the condition, show the results of a large study conducted in Taiwan.

Yung-Song Lin (Taipei Medical University) and colleagues have shown that the incidence of CST was 1.47 times higher in a cohort of over 89,000 patients with diabetes than it was in a size equal control group matched for age, sex, geographic location, income and comorbidities, including obesity, coronary heart disease, hyperlipidemia, hypertension, chronic kidney disease and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (used as a substitute for smoking).

These findings "underscore the importance of monitoring patients with [diabetes mellitus] to CST," the researchers note.

This may be particularly true for men and patients aged 40-65 years, as the incidence was highest in these groups.

among the specific evaluated CST, cancer of the oral cavity had the highest incidence in both groups but was significantly more common in patients with diabetes (0.41%) than controls (0.24%) during the follow-up period, which began in 02 and continued until the death of the participant or at the end of 2011, whichever comes first.

oropharyngeal cancer and nasopharyngeal carcinoma were also significantly more frequent in the diabetes group.

After adjusting for age, sex, comorbidity, patients with diabetes had once 1.48 increased risk of CST compared to controls. The risk was 1.74 times higher for the oral cavity cancer, 1.53 times higher for cancer of the oropharynx and 1.40 times higher for nasopharyngeal carcinoma. No increased risk was observed for cancers of the hypopharynx, or larynx rhinosinusitis.

Note, the researchers observed no significant difference in overall survival between the diabetes and control groups that developed CST, but they suggest that this may be because the follow -up periods have been limited by the reduced overall survival observed in participants who developed CST.

Writing in JAMA Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery , Lin and his team say that the mechanisms underlying the association between diabetes and the development of HNC remain unclear.

They suggest that long-term exposure to insulin may be a factor as "[i] nsulin is a powerful growth factor that promotes proliferation and carcinogenesis in various ways, directly. and through [insulin-like growth factors] "

They add:" Another reasonable explanation is hyperglycemia, which can promote tumors directly :. cancer cells based on increased consumption of glucose "

licensed medwireNews with permission of Springer Healthcare Ltd. © Springer Healthcare Ltd. All rights reserved. None of these parties endorse or recommend any commercial products, services or equipment.

5-LO enzyme plays an important role in the survival of leukemic stem cells AML

5-LO enzyme plays an important role in the survival of leukemic stem cells AML -

inhibitors of 5-LO remove the cultured cells and mouse models

Despite the improvement in therapy, only one in two adult patients survive acute myeloid leukemia (AML). The median survival for this disease, which occurs mainly in older people, is less than a year for patients over 65 years. It is assumed that the leukemic stem cells that can not be completely eliminated during processing, are the source of relapse. However, as was discovered by a team of researchers based in Frankfurt, these cells have a weakness in the current edition of the journal of high impact " Cancer Research ", they report that the enzyme 5-lipoxygenase (5-LO) plays an important role in the survival of leukemic stem cells AML.

5-LO is known for his role in inflammatory diseases such as asthma. a team led by Dr. Ruthardt Marin Department of Hematology of the medical Clinic II and Dr. Jessica Roos, Prof. Diester Steinhilber and Prof. Thorsten J-rgen Maier pharmaceutical chemistry Institute showed that leukemia stem cells in a subgroup MLF could be selectively and effectively attacked by 5-LO inhibitors. This has been demonstrated in cell culture models, as well as in mouse leukemia models.

"These results provide the basis for the possible implementation of the 5-LO inhibitors as therapeutic agents of stem cells for extended AML cure, although this needs to be studied further in preclinical and clinical studies in humans, "says Dr. Ruthardt. "In addition, there are plans for molecular biological studies to understand exactly how the inhibitors of 5-LO act on the leukemic cells." Teacher. Maier continued.

Experts explain the advantages and disadvantages of over-the-counter enzymes

Experts explain the advantages and disadvantages of over-the-counter enzymes -

Enzyme supplements available without prescription are increasingly popular, but should all add to their shopping list? Brent Bauer, MD, director of complementary medicine program and integrative Mayo Clinic, is co-author of a new paper in the medical journal Mayo Clinic Proceedings on the advantages and disadvantages of over-the-counter enzymes. Here, Dr. Bauer answers some common questions about these dietary supplements:.

What is the problem

"They have become so popular Like many nutritional supplements, patients are looking for something to help their health, so they read about over-the-counter enzymes as one of the many dietary supplements, and all of a sudden we see sales go through the roof. a huge challenge food supplements is that most have not tested as most drugs are. We have a lot of information, but we do not have definitive information. so our patients hear many positive things, but they are not always understood or not the negative effects side. therefore, we try to be very evidence-based. We do not want to say no, there is no reason to ever take an over-the-counter enzyme. However, we do not just want to rush and buy because we heard someone say something good on TV. "

What are some of the reasons why people take enzyme supplements?

" We have many natural enzymes in our body. They help us digest food. There are clearly medical reasons to use enzymes. If the pancreas of a patient does not, for example, the patient may need to take a medically prescribed enzyme supplement. Here is a little different story of a healthy person who wants to use over-the-counter bromelain, papain or - enzymes that come from pineapple and papaya - or trypsin or chymotrypsin. The reasons why people could use those center around the digestion: Maybe they get older, they have more gas and bloating, so they think that if they take an enzyme, it will help digestion. It also has anti-inflammatory effects, so some people will use these enzymes to try to reduce inflammation, may help osteoarthritis. And there is a long history of these being used as anti-cancer agents. The challenge from the perspective of doctors is that the evidence for each of these is quite limited. We do not just have the data to say: No, it does not. Yes, it works. "We're stuck. "

What if I want to try over-the-counter enzymes? Are there any side effects?

" Fortunately, most sur- -against enzymes, unless you take super-high doses, the risks are quite minimal. Some people have gastrointestinal problems or irritation. I'm going this conversation with my patients: If they want to try enzymes, I want them to understand the risks, potential benefits, the limited amount of evidence. And if we will use it, I try to do in a short trial period, use it for two or three weeks. If you notice a big improvement, it does not mean that it works, but it may mean to you, it is something you might want to pursue. If this does not work, do not keep only to take more and hoping something magical to happen. "

Is there anyone who should not take these?

" bromelain enzyme from pineapple, can have a anti-platelet activity. So for people taking blood thinners or have an anti-platelet activity, theoretically there could be an increased risk of bleeding. For children with cystic fibrosis, there was some bad adverse reactions which those who take enzymes prescription may get a bad disorder of the colon called fibrosing irritable bowel syndrome. "

How consumer advertising claims judge ?

"If you look at some of the bold headlines on food supplements -" Use our enzymes, we can help prevent cancer "- there is probably a grain of truth in much advertising, but it is hype and is made incredibly good sound. When you hear that kind of hype, these types of exaggerated promises, it's time to step back and say, `Wait a minute, I invested my money in? And then there is a good time to do some research, then it's even a better time to go talk to your doctor and ask if there are risks and interactions with medications you take. "

BioDelivery Sciences updates on topical clonidine gel phase 3 for the treatment PDN

BioDelivery Sciences updates on topical clonidine gel phase 3 for the treatment PDN -

BioDelivery Sciences International, Inc. (NASDAQ: BDSI) announced today that she completed a pre-specified interim analysis of the first pivotal phase 3 trial for clonidine current topical gel for the treatment of painful diabetic neuropathy (PDN).

interim analysis was performed on data the first 50% of patients who completed the study. The purpose of the interim analysis was to allow an adjustment of the sample size necessary to maintain the appropriate statistical power to detect a treatment effect between clonidine and placebo topical gel.

ISDB views the result of the analysis as very encouraging. Following the interim analysis, a total of approximately 80 additional patients will be added to the current test in an effort to maintain 0% of the power percent to detect a statistically significant difference between gel and topical clonidine placebo. The analysis was performed by an independent biostatistician.

"We are encouraged by the results of the interim analysis," said Dr. Andrew Finn, Executive Vice President of Product Development at BDSI. "The more patients not only allow us to maintain the probability finally meet the assessment criteria of the study, but given that the registration of the initial study was about three months ahead, we still expect the first results by the end of the first quarter of 2015. Furthermore, the size of the expanded sample will provide a sufficient number of subjects to complete the long-term safety study required that will be part of our NDA package. Also part of the NDA will be a second pivotal trial that we expect from early 2015. "

" the results of the interim analysis is important because it used the actual study data make an adjustment of the sample size to maintain the probability of a positive outcome, "said Dr. Mark A. Sirgo, President and CEO." based on this information, we will continue to progress other aspects of the clinical development program required for NDA. "

Oncolytics Biotech announces its financial results and operational highlights for the second quarter 2014

Oncolytics Biotech announces its financial results and operational highlights for the second quarter 2014 -

Oncolytics Biotech Inc. (TSX: ONC, NASDAQ: ONCY) ( "Oncolytics" or the "Company") today announced its financial results and operational highlights for the second quarter ended June 30, 2014.

"Our randomized clinical program continued to rise during the quarter, have recently reported the completion of enrollment in a Phase II trial using REOLYSIN ^® in combination with carboplatin and paclitaxel in patients with pancreatic cancer, "said Dr. Brad Thompson, President and CEO of Oncolytics. "We also strengthened our Board, adding two directors with significant experience in financial and public society."

selected Highlights

Since 1 April 2014, highlights announced by the Company include:

the clinical and preclinical data

• completion patient enrollment in a study two arm randomized phase II of carboplatin, paclitaxel plus REOLYSIN ^® against carboplatin and paclitaxel alone in the first-line treatment of patients with recurrent or metastatic pancreatic cancer (OSU-10045);
• the first results of a study looking translational intravenous administration of REOLYSIN ^® for patients with primary or metastatic brain tumors was presented at the annual ASCO meeting Chicago, IL;
• final data from randomized clinical double-blind study of examining Company REOLYSIN ^® in combination with carboplatin and paclitaxel in patients with second-line of the head and neck cancers naive taxane refractory plate;
• A series of presentations by research collaborators in 8 ^e Annual International Confe ^r ence on Therapeutics oncolytic viruses held in Oxford, United Kingdom covering
  • early clinical research showing that intravenous REOLYSIN delivered ^® can cross the blood-brain barrier to reach the tumor in the human brain;
  • preclinical research examining the synergies associated with the treatment in animal models with GM-CSF prior to administration of REOLYSIN ^®
  • preclinical research focusing on the identification of biomarkers predictive of sensitivity / resistance to reovirus in cell lines of head and neck cancer; and
  • preclinical research in hepatocellular carcinoma treatment associated with infection with hepatitis B and hepatitis C.

governance

• the nomination and election of Linda Hohol and Angela Holtham to the Board of the administration Corporation; and

financial

• On June 30, 2014, the company reported $ 18.9 million in cash, cash equivalents and investments short term.

Scientists analyze genetic characteristics of cancers using multiple genomics technology platforms

Scientists analyze genetic characteristics of cancers using multiple genomics technology platforms -

New research conducted by scientists affiliated partly UC San Francisco suggests that the one of 10 cancer patients will be diagnosed more accurately if their tumors were defined by cellular and molecular criteria rather than the tissue in which they originate, and this information, in turn, could lead to treatments most appropriate.

in the largest study of its kind to date, the scientists analyzed the molecular and genetic characteristics of more than 3,500 samples of tumors from 12 different cancer types using multiple technology platforms genomics.

cancers traditionally have been classified by their 'tissue of origin "-like breast, bladder or kidney cancer. But the tissues are composed of different types of cells, and new research indicates that, in many cases, the type of cells affected by cancer can be a useful guide to treatment than the tissue in which tumor originated.

the study, published August 7, 2014 publishing line of the cell was conducted under the initiative cancer genome Atlas (TCGA) conducted by the National cancer Institute and the National Institute for research on the human genome, both part of the National Institutes of Health.

in the new work, TCGA research network of scientists analyzed the DNA, RNA and proteins from tumor types 12 using six different genomic technologies to see how different tumor types compare to each other. The team arrived at a rating based on 12 sub-types of cancer. Five of them were consistent with classifications tissue of origin, but several newly identified subtypes were seen affecting a variety of fabrics.

"This genomic challenges not only our current system study cancer classification based on tissue type, but also provides a huge new resource data for further exploration, and a comprehensive list of features molecular distinguishing each of the newly described class of cancer, "said co-lead author Christopher Benz, MD, professor at the Buck Institute for research on aging, assistant professor of medicine at UCSF, and Helen Diller family member Comprehensive Cancer Center at UCSF.

particularly striking results were seen in cancers of the bladder and breast. At least three different subtypes of bladder cancer were identified, one virtually indistinguishable from lung adenocarcinomas, and another more similar to squamous cell cancers of the head and neck and lung. (In the new study, these squamous cell cancers seemed to form their own sub-type, whether they originate in the lung or head and neck.) The results may help explain why patients with bladder cancer "react often differently when treated with the same systemic therapy for their type of cancer apparently identical, "said Benz.

study also confirmed the known differences between the subtypes of breast cancer known as "luminal cancers" basal-like "and". But because the researchers compared these cancers not only with each other but with many other types of cancer, they were able to reveal that these differences are very deep, and basal-like breast cancers are their own distinct class. "What is amazing is that the basal breast cancer is also different from a luminal breast cancer as it is, say, kidney cancer," said co-lead author Denise Wolf, PhD, a researcher based at the Department laboratory medicine UCSF.

Commonly called "triple negative" basal-like cancers are aggressive, are more common in African American women and young women. "Although these basal-like cancers occur in the chest, at the molecular level, they have more in common with cancer and squamous cancers original than other subtypes of ovarian breast cancer," said co-author Christina Yau, Ph.D., a scientist Buck Institute's staff and assistant professor of surgery at UCSF.

TCGA was launched in 06 to compile genomic atlas more than 20 types of cancer. as the project progressed, however, the similarities between the types of cancer began to emerge, which led to the creation of TCGA project "Pan-cancer," the source of the data used in the new study.

"This is the first time you've been able to indicate important molecular features shared by the basal breast cancer, and cancer of the head and neck squamous and lung cancer," said Wolf. "And the same is true of immune activation, we found that different types of cancer have very similar immune signatures, a factor that may be clinically relevant with the rise of new immune therapies."

Benz thinks the number of patients eligible for reclassification will swell when multiple tumor samples and additional types of tumors are included in the next round of the Pan-Cancer project analysis, which should include more than 20 different types of tumors . "We'll just enjoy the tip of the iceberg when considering the potential of this type of multi-platform genome analysis," said Benz. "It could be up to 30 or 50 percent of cancers are reclassified."

Benz hope that these studies will feed into the design of clinical trials on genomics reclassification base tumors that patients become eligible for new therapies. "Although follow-up studies are needed to validate and refine the classification system of the newly proposed cancer," Benz said, "it will ultimately provide the biological basis for personalized treatment of the time cancer patients and clinicians look forward to. "

light research discounts the role of hepatic mTORC1 in the physiology of body

light research discounts the role of hepatic mTORC1 in the physiology of body -

The protein mTOR is a central controller for growth and metabolism. Dysregulation of mTOR signaling increases the risk of developing metabolic diseases such as diabetes, obesity and cancer. In the current issue of Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences , the Basel Biozentrum of the University researchers describe how aberrant mTOR signaling in the liver not only affects the liver metabolism, but also the entire physiology of the body.

mTOR regulates cell growth and metabolism and therefore plays a key role in the development of human diseases. In the cell, the regulatory protein is located in two complexes of structurally and functionally distinct proteins called mTORC1 and mTORC2. In a recent study, the group of Prof. Michael Hall of the Biozentrum, University of Basel research has highlighted the role of mTORC1 in liver physiology of the entire body and the relevance to human liver cancers.

hepatic mTORC1 control body physiology

in mammals, the liver is a key member which controls the entire physiology of the body in response to nutrients. The Hall team investigated the role of mTORC1 nutrient sensor in the process. The researchers were able to show that the activation of mTORC1 in livers of mice not only reduces hepatic lipid metabolism, but also the locomotor activity and body temperature. After investigation of the underlying molecular mechanism, they observed that mTORC1 hyperactivation improves the level of the stress hormone FGF21 by the loss of glutamine, an amino acid. Treatment of animals with glutamine reduced the level of FGF21 and thus avoids the physiological impairments.

Cancer treatment with mTORC1 inhibitors

human cancers often exhibit aberrant mTORC1 signaling and glutamine addiction. "We were delighted to see that in the human liver tumors mTORC1 signaling correlates with the expression of FGF21" cell biologist Dr. Marion comments Cornu and first author of the study. Furthermore, mTORC1 inhibitors such as Rapamycin are presently used as immunosuppressive agents and anti-cancer drugs. Thus, new discoveries of Hall team provide evidence that the treatment of human cancers with glutamine addicted rapamycin could have beneficial effects in blocking tumor growth and preventing the deregulation of the whole body physiology .

colon cancer screening test wins FDA approval

colon cancer screening test wins FDA approval -

The test, called Cologuard, can detect genetic mutations in stool samples of patients that are associated cancerous and precancerous tumors.

The Wall Street Journal: The FDA approves DNA test for colon cancer
The Food and Drug Administration on Monday approved a DNA test to detect colon cancer in people with a lower risk of developing the disease, the first such test of its kind to be approved by US regulators. The test, called Cologuard, is used to detect genetic mutations in the stool of patients associated with cancer and precancerous growths in the colon. Doctors must prescribe the test, but patients collect stool samples at home and send samples to laboratories for analysis (Walker, 8/11)

Pioneer Press. Mayo-Backed Colon Screening Tests Gets FDA Approval
Food and Drug Administration announced Monday approval for Cologuard, a new test kit developed in part at the Mayo Clinic for patient screening to assess their risk colorectal cancer. In a related announcement on Monday, the federal Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services has proposed that the federal Medicare cover the costs for the new test. Colorectal cancer mainly affects people aged 50 and over and is one of the most common causes of cancer deaths (Snowbeck, 8/11)

Bloomberg :. Exact Sciences of the United States wins approval for Colon cancer test
the Food and Drug Administration manages Cologard, which screens stool samples for the presence of red blood cells and DNA mutations that can indicate the presence of cancer. Patients use the Exact Sciences test of Wisconsin Madison, the house and those with positive results are invited to get a colonoscopy, which uses a small video camera at the end of a thin tube to view the colon, FDA said yesterday in a statement (Edney, 8/12).

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This article has been reprinted kaiserhealthnews.org with permission from the Henry J. Kaiser Family Foundation. Kaiser Health News, an editorially independent news service, is a program of the Kaiser Family Foundation, a professional health policy research non-partisan organization affiliated with Kaiser Permanente.

MicroVAX begin Phase I clinical trials for the exclusive platform of vaccine against cancer

MicroVAX begin Phase I clinical trials for the exclusive platform of vaccine against cancer -

MicroVAX, LLC, a biotechnology company based in Manassas, Virginia announced today the start of a phase I trial for its platform sole and exclusive vaccine that under the provisions of an entry FDA IND patients with breast, prostate, colon, ovarian and lung cancer, who have relapsed after initial salvage therapy.

The trial is sponsored by the Singapore Clinical Research Institute (SCRI), and led by Dr Toh Han Chong, Senior Advisor and Deputy Director of the National Cancer Centre Singapore (NCCS). "Our main objective is to evaluate the safety and benefits of this unique vaccine, designed to target a protein common to most of the more common cancers such as colon cancer, breast cancer and cancer of the ovary, and to provide specific additional boost to the immune system against cancer at the same time. We will also evaluate how powerful this vaccine can stimulate a significant immune response against cancer. " When fully implemented, the MicroVAX vaccine is designed to both destroy pre-existing cancerous tumors and prevent cancer.

NCCS also obtained a research grant to SGD $ 800,000 National Medical Research Council, Singapore to support the evaluation of the immune response induced by vaccination of the subjects of the clinical trial. Jake Frank, managing member of MicroVAX said: "MicroVAX is pleased to be in partnership with Dr Toh Han Chong and his world-class team of clinical immunologists at the National Cancer Center of Singapore Cancer and Research Institute clinical Singapore on the initial clinical test sound vaccine against cancer. "

the vaccine against the MicroVAX cancer

consists of the attachment of the target protein, MUC-1 expressed on the surface of the aforementioned cancers, the immune powerful CD40L stimulation molecule. This new combination aims to further the power of the full body's immune system to attack the protein of cancer of the surface, MUC1, killing the cancer cells themselves.

Pre-clinical testing, the results were reported in the Journal of Immunology, showed that MUC-1 vaccine / CD40L can overcome immune nonresponse states (anergy), inducing an immune memory response and induce a complete withdrawal of existing cancers that are progressing. The concept of vaccine platform was launched at Yale University and was later supported by grants from the Breast Cancer Research Foundation, the Department of Defense, and the Sidney Kimmel Foundation for Cancer Research .

In addition to the implementation of the TAA / ecdCD40L vaccine platform for multiple types of cancer, MicroVAX studied vaccine platform for application to several infectious diseases. "This trial highlights the strong partnership between an academic research organization as SCRI with a biotechnology company and MicroVAX as a prestigious institution of health care as NCCS in the conduct new clinical trials in Singapore. It is also the first time SCRI launches in sponsoring clinical trials to support the clinical trial community in Singapore, "said Dr Teoh Yee Leong, CEO, SCRI.

NTU research could lead to better treatment options for children with leukemia

NTU research could lead to better treatment options for children with leukemia -

A research team led by Nanyang Technological University (NTU) scientists made a key finding which should open better treatment options for children with leukemia.

They found that two in three cases of acute lymphoblastic leukemia, a type of cancer of white blood cells, can be caused by mutations in one of two key genes found in children. These genes, however, are more common in people with Down syndrome.

This means that scientists can design better treatment protocols, depending on the mutated gene is carried by the patient. These treatments may include lower doses of anticancer drugs thus leading to less side effects.

Acute lymphoblastic leukemia is the most common cancer in children, with 50 to 100 children diagnosed annually in Singapore. This gene discovery is good news for those with Down syndrome and 20 percent of children who do not respond well to standard therapy.

Children with Down syndrome have 20 to 50 times greater risk of developing blood cancer. They are also likely to suffer a relapse and have a higher risk of dying from side effects of the therapy.

The discovery, made by an international team led by Professor Dean Nizetic Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, NTU, was published in the prestigious academic journal Nature Communications last week.

expert team of Prof. Nizetic in aging and Down syndrome have collaborated with researchers at Queen Mary University in London and the Universities of Geneva and Padua on this study.

"by analyzing the DNA sequence of samples at different stages of the disease patients, we identified mutations in two genes that transform normal blood cells into cancer cells," said Professor Nizetic, lead author of the study.

research team found that two genes (RAS and JAK) does mutate together, making them ideal biomarkers.

"this could benefit all children affected by the disease as clinicians would be able to offer appropriate treatment, more specific and less toxic, reducing side effects and even reducing the number of deaths related to side effects " added Professor Nizetic.

team of Prof. Nizetic at LKCMedicine focuses on Down syndrome to gain a better understanding of the state, which has many complex mysteries. In people with Down syndrome, their cells show signs of accelerated aging and damage of accumulated DNA. Paradoxically, they appear to be protected against the most common cancers of solid tissues in adulthood.

"Some people with Down syndrome may be protected against age-related diseases such as dementia, atherosclerosis and type II diabetes, despite the increased risk factors," said Professor Nizetic.

"Examine those cells with Down syndrome could not only help to lead longer and healthier lives, but also provide important clues in understanding general mechanisms of aging, Alzheimer ' Alzheimer's, cancer, atherosclerosis, diabetes, and a number of other common conditions, which so far has not been sufficiently explored. "

Moving forward, the 'NTU research team will conduct more studies on the results of two key genes. This is to see how well they could affect normal children and children with Down syndrome, who suffer from this form of leukemia.

Down Syndrome Association (Singapore) welcomed the discovery

Dr Balbir Singh, advisor and founding president of Down Syndrome Association (Singapore), hope these findings will lead to "better treatment less toxic to all children affected by this disease, "and welcomed the new interest in research in Down syndrome

" associations and organizations of parents and carers for people with Down syndrome are very interested in participating in research that could improve the prospects for improving their health, quality of life and inclusion in society, "said Dr. Singh.

"It makes people with Down syndrome twice as proud, and feel important and included if their study may help to better understand and combat diseases such as Alzheimer's disease, cerebrovascular accident, heart attack and cancer, for all people. The Down Syndrome Association (Singapore) welcomes more research in this direction. "

Assumptions about adolescent sexual activity results in vaccination rates against HPV down

Assumptions about adolescent sexual activity results in vaccination rates against HPV down

-

Probing deeper into the complex decisions that parents and providers face in regarding the human papilloma virus (HPV), researchers found that if the two sides appreciated the importance of the vaccine against HPV, personal assumptions surrounding the administration schedule relative to the start of the activity sexual resulted in a decrease in immunization rates.

medical school researchers from Boston University (BUSM) conducted hundreds of interviews offer new perspectives in this room the frequent and often controversial-clinical conversation. Their conclusions and recommendations appear in the September 2014 issue Pediatrics .

More specifically, the researchers found that immunization rates could be attributed to personal bias and communication styles suppliers. Suppliers who believed a child was at low risk of sexual activity of an evaluation, they admitted, not always accurate, were more likely to delay the administration. Often this delayed decision was never reviewed. Those with high rates of vaccination approached vaccines against HPV as part of the routine vaccine beam 11, unequivocally, he advised parents, and framed the conversation as one on cancer prevention.

"The focus on cancer prevention and coadministered with other routine childhood vaccines has the potential to greatly reduce missed opportunities occurring in many intentioned providers and relatives, "said lead author Rebecca Perkins, MD, M.Sc., assistant professor of obstetrics and gynecology at BUSM and a gynecologist at Boston Medical Center.

researchers interviewed 124 parents and 37 health care providers in four clinics between September 2012 and August 2013 were invited parents and providers to discuss their reasons for their vaccine against HPV eligible girls did or did not finally received the vaccine. Remarkably the most common reason for parents (44 percent) was that their child has never been offered the vaccine. other common reasons included the perception that vaccination was optional or recommended instead of being told by their supplier that it was useless before the first sexual intercourse. Among those who refused the vaccine, the reason often involved issues of security and the belief that their daughters were too young to need.

Dasatinib: leukemia drug promising for the treatment of the skin, breast and other cancers

Dasatinib: leukemia drug promising for the treatment of the skin, breast and other cancers -

A drug against leukemia called promising dasatinib for the treatment of the skin, breast and several other cancers, according to researchers at Loyola University Chicago Stritch School of Medicine.

dasatinib fights leukemia checking the uncontrolled growth of cancer cells. But when used against other cancer cells, the researchers found, the drug uses a different strategy: It causes the cells to clump together, preventing them from migrating. Without the ability to migrate, cancer cells may metastasize (spread to other parts of the body).

Mitchell Denning, Ph.D., and his colleagues discovered the molecular mechanism behind this cell-cell adhesion. The researchers reported their findings in a study published online ahead of print in the journal Molecular Carcinogenesis .

Dasatinib (trade name Sprycel) is approved for certain types of leukemia. It targets a protein called BCR-ABL that fuels the growth of cancer cells.

BCR-ABL is similar to a protein called Fyn which is found in other malignancies, including breast, brain, pancreas, skin and head and -neck cancers. Fyn is associated with cell-cell adhesion and cell migration.

Denning and colleagues found that the application of dasatinib cancer cells in the laboratory caused the cells to clump together and also prevented cells from migrating. They found similar results with breast cancer cells. While dasatinib has not eliminated Fyn, it inhibits the activity of the protein.

The researchers also found that dasatinib has reduced the number and size of tumors in mice that had skin cancer.

Denning noted that clinical trials are underway to test dasatinib in patients with melanoma, prostate cancer, pancreatic cancer, endometrial cancer, cancer stromal gastrointestinal, ovarian cancer, multiple myeloma, Hodgkin lymphoma, and acute lymphoblastic leukemia.

"We believe that dasatinib can be applied to many different types of cancer," said Denning.

Research shows that African Americans are heavier burden DME

Research shows that African Americans are heavier burden DME -

Search Keck Medicine of USC ophthalmology researchers shows that African Americans are heavier burden of diabetic macular edema (DME), a leading cause of blindness in diabetic patients in the United States.

research published online today in the Journal of the American Medical Association (JAMA) Ophthalmology , indicates a higher burden of diabetes IP vision loss in certain ethnic populations due care access issues, said corresponding author Rohit Varma, MD, MPH, director of the eye Institute and USC professor and chairman of ophthalmology at the Keck School of Medicine of USC.

"We were surprised that our research has shown that African-Americans have EMR rates, higher when Hispanics tend to have the highest prevalence of diabetes," said Varma, who is recognized as one of the principal investigators of eye diseases in underserved populations. "There is not enough DME vision screening in diabetics, but there are many better therapies available that are covered by insurance. We hope our research will help those in position to influence policy for better control over costs and where the need for treatment is greatest. "

diabetic eye disease is the a leading cause of vision loss in older people 20-70 years. Approximately 347 million people worldwide suffer from diabetes mellitus, and the Centers for Disease Control estimates that 25.8 million Americans had diabetes in 2010.

diabetic macular edema results when fluid and protein accumulates on the macula of the eye, which is part of the retina, which causes thickening and swell. central vision of the victim is affected and untreated, the disease can vary from slight blur to blindness.

Varma team conducted the study using the National Health and the study database Nutrition Examination (NHANES), a measure of the national dataset health and nutritional status of adults and American children. The evaluation was a survey of about 5,000 Americans each year since the early 1960s and is used by researchers nationwide to determine the prevalence of major diseases and risk factors for disease.

As part of NHANES, subjects undergo a physical examination includes photos of their retinas, which team Varma examined to determine the prevalence of DME.

Clinicians should evaluate patients with diabetes, particularly those who are African American or Hispanic, closer to vision loss, Varma advised. He also said that patients should do their utmost to control their blood sugar and monitor their own vision. Varma said that August is when we commemorate National Eye examination Month -. A perfect time for ophthalmologists and patients to focus on eye health

Varma next target for research in this area is to examine the barriers to access to eye care among African Americans.

Sen. Pryor made his debut ad campaign embracing the provisions of the health law

Sen. Pryor made his debut ad campaign embracing the provisions of the health law -

The Arkansas Democrat who is in a tough re-election fight, spoke of his own struggle with cancer and how the health law provisions that prohibit insurance companies from denying coverage to people with medical problems could have helped

the Associated Press :. 'Obamacare' announcement Pryor Highlights of his fight against cancer
US Senator Mark Pryor reached into his own medical history on Tuesday to explain his vote on the new law of the nation's health care, saying Arkansans his battle with a rare cancer 18 years ago has influenced. The two-term Democrat, who is in a difficult re-election battle, fought a clear cell sarcoma discovered after a game of basketball pickup. He had five weeks of chemotherapy and surgery for 13 hours as its called experimental campaign (8/20)

Washington Wire The Wall Street Journal :. Democratic Pryor Embraces Obama Health Care Law-In Ad
Mr. Pryor talks about his own battle with cancer and appears for the first time in a campaign ad with his father, former senator and governor David Pryor, one of the most popular state Democrats. Although the senator did not mention the Affordable Care Act by name, it boasts support for the law his father proudly mentions that his son's insurance company would not pay for treatment after being diagnosed with a form rare cancer in 1996 (Hook, 8/20)

The Hill :. Pryor touts O-Care Vote For New Ad
"When Mark was diagnosed with cancer, we thought that we could lose," said David Pryor in the ad. "Mark's insurance company would not pay for the treatment that ultimately saved my life." The young Pryor then cites ObamaCare regulations requiring insurance companies to provide coverage for preexisting conditions (Joseph, 8 . / 20)

Bloomberg / Businessweek Democrat running on Obamacare Without Mentioning Obamacare
a democratic politician fighting against the reelection is using a strategy few would have imagined it six months ago: Arkansas Senator Mark Pryor has released a new ad boasting about his yes vote for Obamacare. well, sort of. the ad never mentions the affordable care Act by name. instead, it starts with Pryor and his father talk Senator own treatment of cancer and fighting with his insurance company to get covered (Tozzi, 8/20).

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This article was reprinted from kaiserhealthnews.org with permission from the Henry J. Kaiser Family Foundation. Kaiser Health News, an editorially independent news service, is a program of the Kaiser Family Foundation, a professional health policy research non-partisan organization affiliated with Kaiser Permanente.

New risk calculator can evaluate the risk of developing a psychosis of the individual

New risk calculator can evaluate the risk of developing a psychosis of the individual -

A new risk calculator can predict the risk of developing psychotic disorders such as schizophrenia of an individual, according to a new study published today in the American Journal of Psychiatry . The research involved collaborators from nine sites, including Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center (BIDMC) and may help researchers test treatments to prevent the onset of full psychosis.

Psychosis is characterized by hallucinations and delusions. The new calculator assesses the risk of developing a psychosis after experiencing early warning signs of schizophrenia, such as hearing voices of an individual

"Until now, clinicians may give patients only a rough estimate of how their condition may progress. - What about 15 to 25 percent of people who experienced early warning symptoms will be to develop a more serious condition, "said Larry J. Seidman, PhD. D., a psychologist at BIDMC and Professor of psychology at Harvard Medical School. "With this new risk calculator, clinicians can now give patients an individual risk assessment. More specific information allows people to have a more realistic sense of what is happening, which can reduce anxiety. "

In more stressful life events, trauma and family history of . and schizophrenia, the calculator takes into account five factors to determine the risk level of an individual These factors include: age of onset, levels of unusual thought content and suspicious; social functioning; powers verbal learning. and mental processing speed

Seidman and her colleagues analyzed data from interviews with 596 subjects, aged 12 to 35 who were diagnosed with attenuated Psychosis syndrome, a condition in which patients may experience hallucinations and / or develop unusual thoughts but acknowledge their perceptions are not based in reality.

the research team, led by Tyrone Cannon of Yale University, PhD, then developed the risk calculator that analyzes risk factors for schizophrenia. After following with the subjects every six months, the researchers found that 16 percent of patients diagnosed with Attenuated Psychosis Syndrome had converted to psychosis within two years.

The symptoms of unusual thought content and suspicion have contributed most at risk of developing psychosis. A decline in social functioning, less verbal learning and slower processing speed were also important factors. People who were younger (in their teens or early twenties) when their symptoms began, also have an increased risk. Stressful life events, trauma and family history of schizophrenia found to have a lower impact on the risk profile of an individual

"The risk calculator does not account processing or other potentially favorable environmental factors that can reduce the risk. this is a direction for future research, "said Seidman, adding that the power of the computer lies in the development perspective of the symptoms for patients and their families. "Having hallucinations, he is, does not add much weight at all predictive Maybe that person has good cognitive function and has not decreased socially - .. This profile would lead to a good score of treatment can result, potentially with less fear. "

BD Announces Winners 2014 "Innovations in Care" price

BD Announces Winners 2014 "Innovations in Care" price -

BD (Becton, Dickinson and Company) (NYSE: BDX), a leading global medical technology company - in partnership with Direct relief and the national Association of Community health Centres (NACHC) - announced the winners of the "Innovations in care" 2014 awards to seven community health centers as part of BD help build healthy communities ^MS initiative. the announcement was made at 2014 national Association of Community health centers (NACHC) Institute of Community health and Expo held in San Diego, CA.

BD help build healthy communities is a four-year initiative to expand access and improve care for underserved and vulnerable populations in the United States initiative, announced in 2012 with a founding commitment to the Clinton health Matters initiative, includes a BD commitment of approximately $ 5 million in cash and product to clinics and community health centers (CHCs) across the United States. The initiative has two components, including:

1. A commitment to donate at least 20 million insulin syringes and needles to community health centers across the country to support management of diabetes care for the uninsured and underinsured Americans. To date, BD has donated 9.1 million syringes to community health centers.
2. Innovation in care rewards of up to $ 100,000 to CSC that address the prevention and treatment of diseases that disproportionately affect vulnerable populations. Awards are based on proposals by CSC for innovative approaches to diabetes, cervical cancer and HIV prevention and management. BD has a long history of developing tools to help diagnose and manage these conditions and is determined to improve care for those who do not have access. The decisions on the winners of innovation are guided by a panel of examiners with expertise in clinical and community health care in all three disease areas.

The winners of the 2014 award include seven CSC, who will receive prize money of $ 100,000 to support their innovative programs:

prevention and management of diabetes
Santa Rosa Community health Center - Santa Rosa, CA
Asian health services - Oakland, CA
Utah health System Navajo - Montezuma Creek, UT
Health Cente Roanoke Chowan Community r - Ahoskie, NC

prevention and management of HIV
Morris Heights Health Center - Bronx, NY
Housing Works health services III - Brooklyn, NY

cervical cancer prevention
Charles Drew health Center - Omaha, NE

"clinics and community health centers throughout the country provide essential services to millions of uninsured Americans and underinsured. The dedicated professionals who work in these clinics are developing innovative approaches to care that meet the specific needs and circumstances of the communities they serve, "said Vincent A. Forlenza, Chairman, CEO and President of BD." We are delighted and proud to provide support to initiate and scaling of these new models of care. in the coming years, we will work with Direct relief NACHC and widely communicate the success of these programs in local centers . Community health at the national level so that they can be reproduced if necessary "

" the BD help build healthy communities initiative recognizes an enormous and generally unknown fact: clinics and community health centers are the safety net for America's health care and provide quality, affordable preventive and primary care to those who would not otherwise, "said Thomas Tighe. President and CEO of Direct Relief "Direct Relief is delighted to work again with BD on this new and unique initiative to support these providers."

community health centers serve 23 million people - one in 15 people living in the United States. people who use a health center as their home health care have lower rates of visits to emergency departments and hospital admissions. the demand for affordable primary care is expected to surge in the coming years, more people have access to insurance coverage. Yet there are still 62 million people living in America who struggle with little or no access to a primary care provider.

"This multi-year initiative brings together resources that make a difference in the lives of the medically underserved," said Malvise A. Scott, Vice President of Partnership and Resource Development at NACHC. "We appreciate this partnership and recognition of the important work of community health centers across the country. "

Innovative treatment nanobubble detects and destroys cancer cells in mice

Innovative treatment nanobubble detects and destroys cancer cells in mice -

The innovative technology developed by researchers funded by the NIH was able to find and to facilitate the killing cancer cells in mice without harming surrounding healthy tissue. A treatment using this technology in humans could reduce the cancer recurrence rate or metastasis.

The cancer cells that can not be removed by surgeons often cause tumors to metastasize or return. In a study published in Nature Nanotechnology in February, Dmitri Lapotko, Ph.D., and his team at Rice University (now with Masimo Corporation, CA) describe a new way to fight against these residual cancer cells. In this new approach, the tiny gold particles have specific cancer antibodies attached to their surface, which allow particles to be swallowed up in high concentrations and cluster only in cancer cells. These gold clusters, when exposed to a short wide laser pulse, heat and the surrounding liquid evaporation, producing a "nanobubble plasmon." This nanobubble produced a "pop sound" that reveals the cancer cell and causes an explosion that destroyed from within

The researchers examined gold nanoparticles to treat cancer in the past, but the particles were missing specificity. they were unable to differentiate between healthy cells and cancer cells. Lapotko and his team are the fight against this problem by combining the use of gold particles coated with antibodies to the nanobubbles generation created with a short laser pulse.

The gold particles can be injected prior to surgery so they can go to and gather in cancer cells. After a tumor is removed in surgery, laser (near infrared) energy pulse is weak, that can move safely through a centimeter of fabric is applied. The laser pulse does not cause the damage induced in nanobubble remaining cancer cells with gold particles and which are only destroyed. This unique approach may be able to reduce the amount of unintentional damage done to the patient, especially if the tumor is located in a sensitive area like the brain, head and neck, breast or prostate cancer.

"This is a creative and innovative approach that combines an understanding of heat transfer basic biophysics with exquisite specificity and chemistry of targeting antibodies," said Rosemarie Hunziker, director of the tissue engineering program the NIBIB. "This could become a powerful tool in our arsenal to fight against cancer."

When surgeons have injected these gold particles to mice with cancer before surgery, initial results have been impressive. While 80% of operated mice group that did not receive the treatment of gold particles died due to tumors returning within 10 days after surgery, none of the mice that received tumor regrew treatment nanobubble further in the next two months.

researchers hope to begin clinical trials in humans in the coming years.

Study: US experienced the widespread adoption of the ablation prostate surgery robot-assisted in recent years

Study: US experienced the widespread adoption of the ablation prostate surgery robot-assisted in recent years -

A new study reveals that the US experienced widespread adoption of the surgical ablation of the prostate robotic-assisted for treating prostate cancer in recent years. The BJU International study also found that although these surgeries are more expensive than traditional surgeries, their costs decrease over time.

In 01, surgeons began using robotic technologies in the operations to remove the prostate. To examine trends in the use of these robotic-assisted radical prostatectomy (RARP) procedures for patients with prostate cancer, Steven Chang, MD, MS, of Harvard Medical School, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, and Brigham and Women's Hospital, led a team that analyzed 489.369 men who underwent non-RARP (ie, open or laparoscopic radical prostatectomy) or RARP in the US from 03 to 2010.

over of the study period, the adoption of RARP (defined as the execution of more than 50 percent of the annual radical prostatectomy with robotic approach) rose 0.7 percent to 42 percent of surgeons performing prostatectomies radical. Surgeons who have made at least 25 radical prostatectomies a year were more likely to adopt RARP. In addition, from 05 to 07, adoption was more common among surgeons in teaching hospitals and hospitals in intermediate and large. After 07, the adoption was more common among surgeons in urban hospitals. RARP was more expensive, contributing disproportionately to the increase of 40 percent of annual expenditures of prostate cancer surgery; However, RARP costs generally decreased and reached a plateau at just over $ 10,000 while non-RARP costs rose to nearly $ 9,000 by the end of the study.

"Our findings provide insight on not only the adoption of robotic technology, but the future surgical innovations in terms of the overall trend of the early diffusion, the costs on the potential impact of new and of competitive therapies, and the alternations in best practices such as centralization of care for higher volume suppliers, "said Dr. Chang.