New research opens the door to influence the immune system

New research opens the door to influence the immune system -

A new international collaboration involving scientists at the Scripps Research Institute (TSRI) opens a door to influence the system immune, which would be useful to enhance the effectiveness of vaccines to fight against autoimmune diseases such as lupus and rheumatoid arthritis.

research, published on August 1, 2016, in The Journal of Experimental Medicine , focused on a molecule called microRNA-155 (miR-155), a key player in the production of immune system antibodies that fight disease.

"It is very exciting to see exactly how this molecule works in the body," said TSRI Associate Professor Changchun Xiao, who co-led the study with Professor Wen-Hsien Liu University Xiamen in the province of Fuijan, China.

An immune tango system

Our cells rely on molecules called microRNA (miRNA) as a kind of "dimmer" to carefully regulate the levels of protein and fight disease.

"people know miRNAs are involved in the immune response, but they do not know what miRNA and how exactly," said IRST Research Associate Zhe Huang, co-first author research with Liu and Seung Goo Kang TSRI and Kangwon national University.

in the new study, the researchers focused on the role of miRNAs during the critical period when the immune system first detects "invaders" such as viruses or bacteria. At this time, the cells called follicular helper T proliferate and migrate to another area of ​​the lymphatic organs to interact with B cells

"They are a kind of tango" has said Xiao.

this interaction induces B cells to mature and produce effective antibodies, possibly offering a long-term protection against infection.

"the next time you encounter this virus for example, the body can react quickly, "said Xiao.

identification of a dancer

using a technique called deep sequencing, the team identified miR-155 as a potential part of this process. Studies in mouse models suggested that miR-155 works by suppressing a protein called Peli1. This leaves a molecule called c-Rel free to skip and promote proliferation of normal T cells.

The discovery could help scientists improve existing vaccines. Although vaccines are life saving, some vaccines wear off after a decade or cover only about 80 percent of those vaccinated.

"If you can increase T cell proliferation using a molecule that mimics miR-155, perhaps you might stimulate that 0 to 95 percent," said Xiao. He also sees potential for the use of miR-155 to help create more sustainable vaccines.

The search can also request the treatment of autoimmune diseases, which occur when antibodies mistakenly attack their own body tissues. Xiao and his colleagues think an inhibitor of the mRNA could reconstruct the response of miR-155 in the T cell proliferation and antibody production is in overdrive.

The next step of this research, Xiao plans to collaborate with scientists on the Florida campus of TSRI to test potential miRNA inhibitors against autoimmune disease.

Researchers develop a new integrated approach to locate "drivers" of genetic cancer

Researchers develop a new integrated approach to locate "drivers" of genetic cancer -

researchers UNC Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center have developed a new integrated approach to identify the "drivers" genetic cancer, uncovering eight genes that may be viable for the treatment of breast cancer target.

The study, published online August 24 in Nature Genetics , was written by Michael Gatza, PhD, lead author and post doctoral research associate; With Silva, graduate student; Joel Parker, Ph.D., director of bioinformatics, UNC Lineberger; Cheng Fan, research associate; and lead author Chuck Perou, PhD, professor of genetics and pathology.

These researchers studied a variety of cancer causing routes, genetic alterations step by step in which normal cells transition in cancer cells, including the way that regulates cancer cell growth. A high growth rate of cells, also known as cell proliferation, is known to be associated with poor prognosis for patients with breast cancer.

Analysis of multiple types of genomic data, researchers UNC Lineberger have identified eight genes that were amplified in the genomic DNA, and necessary for the proliferation of breast cancer cells luminal, which is the subtype most common breast cancer.

"With this new approach to computing, we were able to leverage the rich data resources that exist and identify a number of new potential drug targets for a specific subset of patients breast cancer. This is an important step on the road towards a more personalized medicine, "said Peru.

In fact, one of the identified genes - CPT1A - is already a target for drug development in lymphoma and could be tested for patients with breast cancer. CPT1A targeting drugs have been shown to inhibit the growth of human cancer cell line in vitro and in mouse models of lymphoma.

This analytical approach used to better understand the factors cancers includes a comprehensive and integrated analysis of multiple data types, including gene expression data, somatic mutations, number of DNA copies, and a set of functional genomic data.

although the study focused on identifying the genetic drivers for breast cancer, the approach could easily be applied to other types of tumors as well. Lead author Mike Gatza added: "While we were able to identify drivers for breast cancer, this approach can and will be applied to other types of tumors in the future"

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Valley Fever New testing technology developed by TGen and NAU receives US patent

Valley Fever New testing technology developed by TGen and NAU receives US patent -

valley fever, a potentially fatal disease dust of fungal origin, should be more easy to diagnose and treat through testing technology developed by the Translational Genomics Research Institute (TGen) and Northern Arizona University (NAU), and now protected by a patent issued today by the US patent and Trademark office .

TGen and NAU have an exclusive license to this technology for DxNA LLC, a company based in St. George, Utah, which plans to make this Test Valley fever commercially available in hospitals and clinics at the end of FDA clinical trials and FDA 510 (k) subsequent submission for consideration and approval later this year.

valley fever is endemic in Phoenix and Tucson, but also spreads in arid regions of North and South America. It is an infection caused by the fungus Coccidioides , a pathogen that lives in desert soils and enters the body through the lungs usually. An estimated 150,000 Americans are infected each year with valley fever, and as many as 500 die each year.

"Currently, there is no definitive test for valley fever. Our new, fast 1 hour, based genetic test will provide doctors and patients with accurate diagnosis, which allows a Quick treatment and prevention of this disease becomes more severe, "said Dr. Paul Keim, Director of TGen Pathogen Genomics Division, or TGen North, based in Flagstaff.

"for the past decade, TGen worked to develop better tools and technology to meet valley fever, and we believe it is essential to be able to apply our knowledge of vanguard to problems in our own backyard, "said Dr. Keim, who is also the Endowed Chair Cowden Microbiology at NAU, and director of NAU Center for Microbial Genetics and Genomics (MGGen).

Fever of the valley most often causes a progressive lung infection, but can also spread to other parts of the body, including the skin, bones, brain and the rest of the nervous system

Nearly 60 percent of people infected with valley fever -. including other vertebrates, and especially dogs. - develop any significant symptoms However, some patients develop symptoms very disabling, such as cough, fever and fatigue. These symptoms are similar to other respiratory diseases caused by bacteria or viruses, and often lead to delayed diagnosis and inappropriate treatment. severe fever Valley may require lifelong treatment with antifungal drugs, and even death

This new genetic test can accurately identify based both fever strains the valley :. Posadasii Coccidioides, found in Arizona, New Mexico, Texas and much of Latin America, and Coccidioides immitus, located in California, Washington and Baja Mexico.

Most infections occur in the central and southern Arizona. Each year, on average, there are an estimated 150,000 cases in Arizona, resulting in over 1,700 hospitalizations at a cost of more than $ 86 million.

"These costs are driven to a significant degree by the high level of misdiagnosis, resulting in an average time of diagnosis from 5 months from when a patient first seeks care," said David Taus, CEO of DxNA LLC. "Our test gives final results in 60 minutes, significantly improving the diagnosis of the disease on the current methodologies, both in terms of time and precision."

The intellectual property used in Test Valley Fever DxNA is exclusive to DxNA LLC, and covers both human and veterinary applications, Taus said.

New research suggests that diet rich in tomatoes may reduce the risk of prostate cancer

New research suggests that diet rich in tomatoes may reduce the risk of prostate cancer -

Men who consume more than 10 servings a week of tomatoes have a lower risk of developing prostate cancer by 18 percent, new research suggests.

With 35,000 new cases each year in the UK, and around 10,000 deaths, prostate cancer is the second most common cancer in men worldwide.

rates are higher in developed countries, which some experts believe is related to a westernized diet and lifestyle.

to assess whether the following dietary recommendations and lifestyle reduces the risk of prostate cancer, researchers from the Universities of Bristol, Cambridge and Oxford have studied the diets and 1.806 lifestyle men aged between 50 and 69 with prostate cancer and compared to 12.005 men without cancer.

The NIHR-funded study published in the medical journal Cancer Epidemiology, Biomarkers and Prevention , is the first such study to develop prostate cancer food index "that consists of food components - selenium, calcium and foods rich in lycopene -. which have been linked to prostate cancer

men who had the optimal intake of these three food components had a lower risk of prostate cancer

tomatoes and products -. such as tomato juice and baked beans - have proven to be most beneficial, with an 18 percent risk for men eating more than 10 portions a week.

This is thought to be due to lycopene, an antioxidant that fights toxins that can cause DNA and cell damage. Vanessa Er, of the School of Social and Community Medicine at the University of Bristol and Bristol BRU Nutrition, led the research

She said .. "Our results suggest that tomatoes can be important in prostate cancer prevention However, other studies are needed to confirm our findings, including through human trials. men should still eat a variety of fruits and vegetables, maintaining a healthy weight and stay active . "

the researchers also examined the recommendations on physical activity, diet and body weight for cancer prevention published by the World Wide Fund for cancer research (WCRF) and the American Institute for cancer Research (AICR)

Only the recommendation on plant foods -. high consumption of fruits, vegetables and fiber - was found to be associated with a reduced risk of prostate cancer. Since these recommendations are not targeted at the prevention of prostate cancer, the researchers concluded that adherence to these recommendations is not enough and that additional dietary recommendations should be developed.

status higher socioeconomic linked to lower risk of ovarian cancer among African American women

status higher socioeconomic linked to lower risk of ovarian cancer among African American women -

status higher socioeconomic (SES) is associated with a lower risk of ovarian cancer among African-American women, according to results of a study conducted by researchers from the medical University of South Carolina (MUSC) and elsewhere reported online 3 August via American Journal of Epidemiology . It showed that the risk of ovarian cancer was 29 percent lower among women with college degree or more compared to those who had a high school education or less. Similarly, the risk of ovarian cancer was 26 percent lower among women with a family income of $ 75,000 or more compared with household incomes of $ 10,000 or less. The study was led by Anthony J. Alberg, PhD, MPH, acting director of the MUSC Hollings Cancer Center and professor in the Department of Public Health Sciences.

The case-control study based on the population place in Alabama, Georgia, North Carolina, Louisiana, Michigan, New Jersey, Ohio, South Carolina, Tennessee and Texas . The study participants, all self-identified as African American, included 513 women diagnosed with ovarian cancer and a control group of 721 women without cancer. The inverse association with SES was true even after controlling for factors known to be associated with risk of ovarian cancer, such as body mass index and family history of ovarian or breast cancer.

"In most types of cancer, people with lower SES are more at risk," said Alberg. "However, the reverse is true for breast cancer, another type of cancer linked hormone which shares many common risk factors with ovarian cancer. The evidence to date for ovarian cancer is limited and did not give clear results. This study represents an important step to help shed light on the relationship between SES and ovarian cancer, with results clearly showing in the direction of higher risk of disease among women of low SES -. the opposite of what we see for breast cancer "

None of the previous studies on this issue focuses on women of African descent. By establishing an association between low SES and risk higher disease among African American women, the study by Alberg raises questions about SES and risk of ovarian cancer in other populations who will respond in future studies. "Important next steps include whether that association is true for women of other races and ethnicities, "said Alberg. "Then we will need to identify the root causes of this relationship between socioeconomic status and ovarian cancer so that we can learn whether this may lead to new clues about prevention."

Colorectal cancer therapies market remains constant at $ 7.7 billion by 2023

Colorectal cancer therapies market remains constant at $ 7.7 billion by 2023 -

Decision Resources Group believes that the market for colorectal cancer (CRC) remains therapies constant at about 7.7 billion $ 2023 in the US, France, Germany, Italy, Spain, UK and Japan. The biosimilar erosion of Avastin and Roche / Genentech / Chugai Bristol-Myers Squibb / Eli Lilly / Erbitux from Merck KGaA will be offset by the launch of Cyramza Eli Lilly, Lonsurf Taiho Pharmaceutical, HA-Irinotecan and vargatef Boehringer Ingelheim of Alchemia and increased absorption of Zaltrap Sanofi / Regeneron and Vectibix from Amgen / Takeda

Other key findings of the report entitled Pharmacor colorectal cancer :.

• impact of RAS trials of EGFR inhibitors: [1945009 RAS [] extended test [1945005limiteralapopulationglobaledespatientsadmissiblesàrecevoirlerécepteurdufacteur(EGFR)lesinhibiteursdecroissanceépidermiqueCependantonprévoitquel'inhibiteurdel'EGFRdepremièrelignedeprescriptionpouraugmenterenraisondesdonnéesdesCALGB80405FIRE-3etPEAKessaismontrantunbénéficedesurviepourlesinhibiteursdel'EGFRdansdetypesauvage RAS patients.
• Increased competition between angiogenesis inhibitors in the second line on: Prescribing of Zaltrap in the second-line setting was negatively impacted by the extension of the Avastin label allowing its use beyond progression frontline. With the expected launch of Cyramza under second line, competition is expected to increase in this context
• treatment options increased in subsequent adjustments line :. The recent launch of Stivarga Bayer HealthCare gave patients an additional option of further processing line. Patients will have a wider range of treatment options with planned launches Lonsurf and vargatef.

Comments Decision Resources Group analyst Dan Roberts, Ph.D.:

• "Although the introduction of RAS test extended will decrease eligible population who ultimately receive these drugs, there will be a slight increase in the number of patients receiving the inhibition of EGFR as a first-line treatment. "
• "colorectal cancer market already has five approved targeted agents, with more being launched during the forecast period. With so many choices, doctors will struggle to determine what sequence of therapies is best for their patients. "

BV therapeutic study reports can be curative in some patients with Hodgkin lymphoma

BV therapeutic study reports can be curative in some patients with Hodgkin lymphoma -

survival data to five years published online today Blood , the Journal of the American Society of Hematology (ASH) suggest that brentuximab vedotin targeted therapy may have cured Hodgkin lymphoma patients whose disease has persisted despite receiving previous therapies.

This multinational phase II study examines brentuximab vedotin (BV) in patients with relapsed Hodgkin after a stem cell transplant. The study reports that 13 of 34 (38%) patients achieved complete remission remained disease-free for more than five years and can be cured. Of these, nine were only one agent BV.

BV is an immunotherapy that targets CD30, a protein on the surface of some Hodgkin's lymphoma cells, and delivers an effective dose of chemotherapy to destroy the cell. The therapy is approved by the Food and Drug Administration of the United States for relapsed or refractory Hodgkin lymphoma treatment and is generally prescribed to patients whose disease has progressed after autologous stem cell transplantation, a procedure that replenishes bone marrow with its own healthy stem cells patient after therapy. While BV is standard care, this is the first study to observe the long-term success in these patients who have exhausted other treatment options.

"In a patient population that typically sees an overall survival of one to two years after relapse autologous stem cell transplant, the fact that we can report such lasting results after five is incredible" ., said lead author Robert Chen, MD, City of Hope Cancer Research Center in Duarte, Calif Referencing the 15 patients still in remission at the end of this longitudinal study, Dr. Chen said: "Every day that these people continue to spend with their families is a testimony to the progress of our community makes to understanding and fighting treatment-resistant lymphoma. "

in this study, 102 patients with Hodgkin lymphoma CD30-positive have one dose (1.8 mg / kg) of BV ambulatory intravenous infusion every three weeks for up to 16 cycles. Before starting the trial, these patients had failed to achieve remission for a median of 3.5 therapies, including stem cell transplantation, which prior BV, was the only potentially curative treatment for those who have failed standard chemotherapy . The researchers followed the patients for their initial response (either complete or partial tumor reduction) until disease progression or death and further study for about five years after the final treatment.

At five years, 34 of 102 patients had achieved a complete response (disappearance of their cancer for a period of time), with about 64 percent of patients who survive with or without disease (median overall survival five years was 40.5 months) and it is estimated that 52 percent survived without disease progression. Of these 34 patients, 13 (38%) remained in remission for five years, and an additional two patients whose disease has not progressed after BV continued to achieve remission after receiving an allogeneic stem cell transplant ( in which healthy stem cells are taken from a donor and administered to the patient). Both patients also remain in remission five years later.

"It is essential to note that nine of the complete response patients were in remission for more than five years after receiving only brentuximab vedotin," said Dr. Chen, "The fact that these patients are so well even in five years, provides a new perspective for the prognosis. "

Dr. Chen has continued to stress that although 56 patients treated in the study experienced a slight peripheral neuropathy (adverse events characterized by tingling in the extremities, frequently reported in patients treated with BV), 88 percent reported that the symptoms diminished over time.

Currently, BV is the subject of several clinical trials. Among these are the use of BV prior autologous stem cell transplantation in patients with Hodgkin's lymphoma, to process additional CD30-positive lymphomas, and in patients with lymphoma in relapse or refractory to treatment not -hodgkinien.

Doctors remind parents about the importance of vaccinating children

Doctors remind parents about the importance of vaccinating children -

Doctors Hospital Medical Center of Cincinnati Children want to remind parents of the importance of vaccinating their children when preparing to send children to school.

Robert W. Frenck, Jr., MD, director of clinical medicine and vaccine researcher at Cincinnati Children, said vaccines are essential to ensure the child stays healthy throughout the year school. According to Dr. Frenck, the most important thing a parent can do to protect the health of their children is to ensure that the child is immunized.
Just because many deadly diseases such as polio are no longer common, people should not stop vaccinated, he said. Still protecting children with vaccines is critical because outbreaks of diseases preventable by vaccination were held both in the US and abroad when children are not vaccinated.

"If the child's immunizations are not up to date, it is possible to catch up," he explains. "A parent just needs to talk to their child's pediatrician and ask them how to do this."

Dr. Frenck with the Centers for Disease Control and the American Academy of Pediatrics would like to highlight some important vaccination information.

"Cocooning"
The babies in the first 6 months of life, despite being immunized are still at risk of contracting pertussis (whooping cough). The Academy of Pediatrics is a supporter of "cocooning". This means that everyone around the baby - parents, siblings, grandparents, friends and caregivers - is immune. vaccinated children and adults are less likely to spread pertussis to children, especially important in the first months when babies are not yet fully protected.

vaccine against influenza for everyone over 6 months
Not only vaccine against influenza to protect your child, childhood vaccination can significantly reduce flu in adults because children are the ones who bring home. The vaccine is available in nasal spray (well for most healthy children older than 2 years) or by injection.

Children older than 4
For children 4-6 years old, they should get DTaP, MMR and chickenpox shots. In about 11 years, they should receive Tdap, MCV4 (meningococcal) and HPV (human papilloma virus) vaccine.

HPV for girls and boys
Girls and boys should receive the HPV (human papillomavirus) vaccine from 11 years or vaccine against HPV 12. protects against cervical cancer in girls and rectum and penile and other cancers in males. It is part of a "platform teenagers' vaccine that the CDC and the American Academy of Pediatrics recommend. Other vaccines are in the trio Tdap to protect against tetanus, diphtheria and pertussis, and MCV4, to guard against a type of bacterial meningitis.

A new study provides hypothesis why obese patients are less successful during the treatment of cancer

A new study provides hypothesis why obese patients are less successful during the treatment of cancer -

Through many types of cancer, obese patients are less successful than most patients lean. Now, a study by the University of Colorado Cancer Center published in the journal Cell Stem offers a compelling case why: the researchers found that the stem cells of leukemia "hide" in the fatty tissue, even transform this fabric so support their survival when challenged with chemotherapy. It is as if the leukemia stem cells use not only fatty tissue that den of thieves hiding therapy, but actively adapt this cave to their liking.

"It has been increasingly appreciated that cancer can originate from stem cells that do not kill the cancer stem cells can lead to a relapse the researchers also learned to appreciate the importance of tissue surrounding. - the "niche" or tumor microenvironment. - supporting the cancer stem cells in leukemia, the obvious niche is the bone marrow, but little attention was paid to other sites in the body. this study is one of the first to evaluate adipose tissue, fat, as a niche tumor support possible, "said Craig Jordan, Ph.D., a researcher at the CU Cancer Center and Carroll Nancy Allen Professor of hematology department CU of Medicine.

Jordan describes how the line "very original and insightful" the lead author of reasoning Haobin Ye, Ph.D., was essential for the study. First, patients with obese leukemia have worse outcomes. Second, the stem cells stimulate growth, resist the therapy and can create a relapse in leukemia. Third, the tumor microenvironment is important for cancer stem cells. At the intersection of obesity, stem cells and tumor microenvironment is adipose tissue - might stem cells in adipose tissue due to poor prognosis in obese patients

The group began by examining cancer cells found in adipose tissue of a mouse model of leukemia. Rather than wait for the mixture of normal cancer cells with cancer stem cells, the group found that adipose tissue was enriched for cancer stem cells. No sneaky thieves were humble them - it is the master thieves of cancer stem cells that have exploited the cave adipose tissue thieves. Not only was there an abnormally high ratio of stem cells in adipose tissue, but these stem cells used another energy source that cells in the microenvironment of bone marrow stem - suitably, these stem cells in the adipose tissue energized their survival and growth with fatty acids, energy production by the method of the oxidation of fatty acids. In fact, these stem cells from adipose tissue actively signal the fat to undergo a process called lipolysis, which releases fatty acids into the microenvironment

"The basic biology was fascinating: the tumor adapted to the local environment to satisfy. " Jordan said.

Finally, when the group challenged these cells with chemotherapy, they discovered that the stem cells in fat tissue that had changed their energy source for the fatty acids were more resistant than the cells outside this tissue stem. When Ye, Jordan and colleagues examined samples of human leukemia, they found similar characteristics in mice models -. specialized cells to use fatty acids for energy were more resistant to chemotherapy

"Maybe in the context of chemotherapy treatment, these stem cells in adipose tissue might be more difficult to kill the cells in the bone marrow stem, "Ye said.

If further work is on this assumption, it could help explain why poorer outcomes in obese patients. the group plans to pursue studies with mouse models of obesity variable, which could shed light on whether more fat provides more power or a larger cave "thieves for cancer stem cells bypass treatment .

Study finds new drug combinations of mutation genes that can kill cancer cells

Study finds new drug combinations of mutation genes that can kill cancer cells -

In an effort to increase the number of genetic mutations of cancer that can be specifically targeted with personalized therapies, researchers at the University of California at San Diego School of medicine and Moores Cancer Center looked for combinations of mutated genes and drugs that kill all the cancer cells. Such combinations are expected to kill cancer cells that have mutations, but not on healthy cells, which do not. The study, published July 21 in Molecular Cell discovered 172 new combinations that could form the basis for future therapies against cancer.

"oncologists here at Moores Cancer Center at UC San Diego Health and elsewhere can often personalize cancer treatment based on unique cancerous mutations in each patient," said lead author Trey Ideker, PhD , professor of genetics at UC San Diego School of Medicine "But the vast majority of mutations are not an action. -. That is, knowing that a patient has a particular mutation does not mean that there is a treatment available that targets it The aim of this study was to increase the number of mutations that we can match with an accuracy of therapy "

most cancers have genetic mutations that do one of two things. - promote cell growth or prevent cell death the first type is the subject of many therapies that inhibit the growth of cells. . But it is much harder to develop therapies that restore malfunctioning genes that should trigger cell death in abnormal cells, called tumor suppressor genes.

Rather than targeting a tumor suppressor gene directly, Ideker and the team took the approach to identify genetic interactions between a tumor suppressor gene and another gene, such that the simultaneous disruption of both genes selectively kill cancer cells.

Researchers first used to screen a yeast cheaply and quickly 169.000 interactions between the different yeast versions of a human tumor suppressor genes and genes that can be inhibited by drugs, sometimes called " druggable targets. " To do this, they suppressed each gene one at a time, in combination with another mutation. These whittled the best combinations experiences - those lethal to the yeast cells -. A few thousand

Next the team prioritized 21 drugs for which the yeast druggable targets were involved in the largest number of lethal cellular interactions. They have tested these medicines one at a time to the fatal interaction with 112 different mutations in the tumor suppressor gene in human cancer cells growing in the laboratory.

The researchers were left with 172 combinations of gene mutation that killed drug successfully in both yeast and human cancer cells. Among these combinations, 158 was not discovered earlier

This is an example of how this information could be useful for doctors and patients. Irinotecan is a medicament indicated only by the FDA for use in colon cancer. But this study suggests that this class of drugs should be evaluated for efficacy in all tumor with a mutation that inhibits RAD17 , a tumor suppressor gene that normally helps cells fix damaged DNA.

The next steps are to test these combinations in most types of human cancer cells and possibly in mouse models. 172 combinations but is much more than a single laboratory test can, say the researchers. They hope other research teams will also take their list and also test each combination in a variety of conditions. To help disseminate this information to scientists around the world, all the data of this study was made available on Ndex, a new network data sharing resource developed by Ideker and UC San Diego School of Medicine Dexter Pratt science.

"We created a major translational research resource for other scientists and oncologists," said co-first author John Paul Shen, MD, clinical instructor and postdoctoral fellow at UC San Diego School of medicine and Moores cancer Center. "and since most cancer killing of interactions we found involve drugs already approved by the FDA, it may mean they could quickly reach the clinical translation. If these results are validated in subsequent tests, an oncologist in the future will have many more options for precise treatment of cancer. "