Women seeking hormonal treatments for menopausal symptoms anti-aging clinicians

Women seeking hormonal treatments for menopausal symptoms anti-aging clinicians -

Sensing that conventional doctors do not take seriously their suffering, women have instead sought hormonal treatments for menopausal symptoms struggle against -Aging clinicians, according to a Case Western Reserve University study that investigated the use of anti-aging medicine.

Some women also feared the harmful side effects of conventional hormone replacement therapy (HRT), which showed an increased risk for cancer, heart disease and high blood pressure. Yet they thought that bioidentical, "natural" hormones their prescribed anti-aging doctors were safe, despite a lack of conventional scientific evidence of this fact.

Michael Flatt, a doctoral candidate in sociology at Case Western Reserve University, and Jennifer Fishman, assistant professor at McGill University, will discuss these and other results during the presentation "Hormones where it is '. Bioidentical hormones, menopausal women, and anti-aging medicine "Monday, August 18 at the 109th annual meeting of the American Sociological Association, August 16 to 19 in San Francisco

conclusions on attitudes of women are part of a larger study in the department of Bioethics at Case Western Reserve who investigated the views of scientists, doctors and patients involved in science and anti-aging medicine.

researchers who conducted the study with Richard Settersten Jr., professor of public health at Oregon State University, explored what it was on the fight against -Aging medicine that appeals to women because the costs for care and prescription drugs are not covered by medical insurance

. Is it vanity to maintain their youthful appearance or other motivation?

Findings in-depth interviews with 25 women who used replacement therapy bioidentical hormone (BHRT) prescribed by a clinician antiaging bucked the stereotype driven vanity.

instead, Flatt says women told researchers they wanted to relieve their menopausal symptoms, feel energized and avoid chronic diseases associated with aging. The women also described their motivation to want to return to an "optimal" state and believed that bioidentical hormones would do that.

"Hormones became the panacea reported by women," said Flatt. "They felt that if the hormones were in order, they would be back on track."

The anti-aging clinicians prescribed BHRT after women have taken a series of tests to determine the cause of their symptoms of menopause, which allegedly included hormonal deficiencies and vitamins. They were prescribed BHRT, plant-derived hormones, such as soy and yams. Hormone treatments are not regulated by the Food and Drug Administration and control by mixing pharmacists

Among the reasons women said they found attractive anti-aging medicine were :.

• Patients received over time and attention of the clinician.
• medications were considered "natural" and thought to return to an optimal state of being.
• BHRT was perceived as safer than traditional hormone replacement therapy.

Researchers identify specific pathways involved in the development of mucormycosis

Researchers identify specific pathways involved in the development of mucormycosis -

Research published today in the journal, Nature Communications , provides new perspectives on the evolution of Mucorales fungi, which cause a fatal infection in ever increasing segments of the patient population, and several molecular pathways that could be exploited as potential therapeutic and diagnostic targets.

Mucorales invades cells of people whose immune system is weakened and causes lethal infection, mucormycosis. The study, conducted by LA BioMed and the University of Maryland School of Medicine researchers identified several pathways that are necessary to develop mucormycosis in a patient.

"Our research opens the door to identify and target specific pathways that are required for the development of mucormycosis," said Ashraf S. Ibrahim, PhD, principal investigator lA BioMed and a contributing writer for the study. "The data generated can then be exploited to design new strategies to continue the treatment, prevention and / or early diagnosis of mucormycosis."

The researchers reported the sequencing of 30 isolates of Mucorales and study of transcriptomes of three most common causes of mucormycosis in response to lung epithelial cells. They identified several pathways that are required for pathogenesis mucormycosis.

The most at risk are people mucormycosis patients uncontrolled diabetic ketoacidosis, other forms of metabolic acidosis, treatment with corticosteroids, solid organ or bone marrow transplant, neutropenia, trauma and burns, such as those suffered by soldiers wounded in Iraq and Afghanistan, malignant haematological disorders and treated with deferoxamine in patients on hemodialysis.

skin soft mucormycosis outbreaks of tissue in healthy individuals necrotizing have also been known to monitor natural disasters, as evidenced by Apophysomyces infections, usually associated with trauma following the tsunami devastated Indonesia in 04 and tornadoes that occurred in Joplin, MO in June 2011.

"There are no vaccines or effective treatments available today to stop the infection from mucormycosis highly fatal, "said Dr. Ibrahim. "There is an urgent need for further research to develop strategies to protect patients whose immune system is weakened."

imaging system quickly detects molecular marker in glioma brain, allows removal of the tumor

imaging system quickly detects molecular marker in glioma brain, allows removal of the tumor -

During the surgery the tumor, surgeons work to remove the tissue of the tumor without damaging surrounding healthy tissue. This is particularly critical during the removal of the brain gliomas, such as damage to the surrounding healthy brain tissue can have significant effects on neuronal function of a patient. On the other hand, if the cancerous tissue is not completely eliminated, the tumor can regenerate. To answer these questions, researchers funded by NIBIB have developed an imaging system that quickly detects and accurately molecular marker found in gliomas of the brain. He promises to improve the accuracy of these difficult surgeries for complete removal of the tumor, while reducing residual damage to brain tissue and neuronal function.

The imaging system is known as the desorption ionization mass spectrometry by electrospray (DESI MS). The technique was developed by R. Graham Cooks, Ph.D., Purdue University and the study of the brain was done with collaborators at Harvard Medical School and Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, and is described in June 30 issue of the Proceedings of the national Academies of science. MS DESI promises to be a significant improvement over the current method of tumor tissue of the brain distinguish healthy tissue, which is based on an extremely long and difficult procedure for surgeons and patients.

The current protocol uses extemporaneous pathology, which involves removing the tissue suspected tumor and has been analyzed by pathologists. They use a process of freezing and staining which takes about 20 minutes and is too slow to be repeated several times during surgery. This method, developed there over 150 years, is both inefficient and lacks precision. This may result in incomplete removal of the tumor and regrowth, as well as damage to healthy tissue inadvertently, which can cause significant losses in the operation for patients.

The new technique solves some of the problems of the current method. Researchers use the ability of mass spectrometry to identify metabolites in brain tumors but not in healthy tissue. Surgery progresses, tissue samples are taken and sprayed a liquid loaded that is projected onto the fabric surface, raising of the droplets; The droplets are then sucked into a mass spectrometer, where the mass and charge of the metabolites are measured. Cerebral gliomas produce large amounts of a metabolite of the tumor, 2-hydroxyglutarate (2-HG) which is captured in the droplets. This rapid objective method allows a clear delineation of the tumor relative to non-tumor tissue, so surgeons can remove all and only the tumor tissue.

DESI MS system was first tested on samples of 35 glioma patients. Twenty-one of the 35 samples contained high levels of 2-HG, a product of the mutant form of a gene known as HDI , which is associated with tumor formation. The results clearly demonstrate that DESI MS can detect 2-HG in tumor tissue with a very high sensitivity and specificity.

The researchers continued to test the system in an operating room. The group has installed a complete system DESI MS in advanced multimodality guided by operating picture (AMIGO) suite at Brigham and Women's Hospital is part of the National Center for Image-Guided Therapy. The surgical suite AMIGO is an operating room with integrated imaging devices such as MRI, so that the surgeon may use to map the preoperative tumor. Tumor tissue sections from two patients were examined by DESI MS. In both cases, postoperative analysis confirmed that intraoperative DESI MS was specifically detected the presence of 2-HG in each tumor.

Researchers selected detection 2-HG to test DESI MS system because approximately 80% of gliomas and glioblastomas are associated with mutations in the gene HDI , which translates by high levels of 2-HG. The approach described here may be applicable to the tumor resection 2-HG-production.

Gliomas are tumors of glial brain cells and represent the majority of malignant brain tumors in adults. Gliomas represent approximately 30% of all tumors of the brain and central nervous system and 80% of all malignant brain tumors. These experiments provide proof of concept of precision and practicality of DESI MS system, and suggest that the system can be used with this common tumor 2-HG-production, and other tumors in which a metabolic marker malignancy occurred.

DESI MS system has been shown to be extremely accurate and was easily adapted for use in the clinical setting. He has no limitations of MRI, which can not provide information on the type of tumor, and requires surgery interrupted for an hour or more for scanning and interpreting the results. In addition, each operating room containing an MRI machine costs more than $ 10 million. However, DESI MS platforms could be implemented in any operating room to a very small fraction of the cost. The MS system DESI promises to be a powerful new tool for clinical and research applications with the potential to transform the surgical care of patients with brain tumors and other solid tumors.

liquid biopsies have a mutation detection potential EGFR NSCLC predict cancer recurrence

liquid biopsies have a mutation detection potential EGFR NSCLC predict cancer recurrence

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Three manuscripts published in the recent issue of Journal of Thoracic Oncology , the official journal of the international Association for the study of lung cancer (IASLC), explored the versatility of liquid biopsies by identifying EGFR mutations using circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) in urine and plasma and review of circulating tumor cells (CTC) in plasma to predict the risk of recurrence of lung cancer after surgical resection. Collectively, these results illustrate the potential and scope of liquid biopsies both the identification of appropriate patients for targeted therapy and predict cancer recurrence.

Lung cancer is the most common type of cancer mortality related to the higher cancer worldwide. Non-small lung cancer small cell (NSCLC) accounts for approximately 85% of lung cancers and most patients have advanced disease at diagnosis. Surgical resection is the preferred treatment option for patients with medically inoperable tumors. However, recurrence of the disease occurs in about 50% of cases. Patients with advanced disease are often not candidates for surgical resection and commonly harbor driver mutations that can be targeted by drugs. A major challenge for the assessment of driver mutations, such as the receptor for epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) mutations in advanced disease is the scarcity of biopsy tissue suitable for molecular testing. A minimally invasive alternative to invasive tissue biopsy is the use of a liquid biopsy, which analyzes ctDNA CTC or in a sample of biological fluid (e.g. urine, blood or serum).

The first manuscript entitled Circulating free DNA derived tumor (ctDNA) Determination of EGFR mutation status in European Real-World and Japanese Patients with Advanced NSCLC: ASSESS study used samples of the great EVALUATE study to assess the status of EGFR mutation by analyzing ctDNA blood plasma. The results of the study demonstrated that the analysis ctDNA plasma is possible to identify mutations of the EGFR mutation with matching status in 1162 matched samples of 89% (sensitivity 46%, specificity 97%, the positive predictive value [PPV] 78% PV 0% negative). The authors comment that "mutation tests ctDNA accurate and accessible to address unmet needs in patients without tumor sample available / evaluable will be important to allow more patients to receive personalized treatments mutation status of their tumor."

The second manuscript entitled, a platform very sensitive and quantitative test for the detection of EGFR mutations in NSCLC urine and plasma, analyzed samples from patients enrolled in TIGER-X, a study clinical 1/2 rociletinib stage for previously treated patients with EGFR mutant positive advanced NSCLC for EGFR activating mutations query and analysis ctDNA T70M resistance mutation of urine or blood plasma. The results of the study show that NSCLC tumors derived ctDNA can be detected with high sensitivity in the urine and plasma, the 93% sensitivity for T70M, 80% L858R and exon 19 deletions 83% and the sensitivity of T70M 93%, 100% L858R and exon 19 deletions 87%, respectively. The authors note that, "In conclusion, our data demonstrate that urine testing using the method NGS mutation enrichment successfully identifies the EGFR mutations in patients with metastatic NSCLC and has a great consistency with the tumor and plasma, suggesting that the mutation detection of EGFR from urine or plasma should be considered a viable approach for the assessment of EGFR mutation status. "

Finally, third manuscript liquid entitled tumor cells biopsies circulating detected in the pulmonary vein draining tumor are associated with disease recurrence after surgical resection of non-lung small cell cancer, blood used and draining tumor tumor microemboli samples of the pulmonary vein in the surgical pre-resection and intra-operative patients to analyze CTC and outstanding (MLC, clusters). The researchers reported that the combination of CTC / CTM census in tumor draining the pulmonary veins and peripheral blood at the time of surgical resection with curative intent NSCLC better identify patients at high risk of lung cancer recurrence that numbers peripherals CTC / CTM only. "In addition to the potential role of CTCs as prognostic / predictive biomarker, isolation and genetic analysis individual CTCs from liquid biopsies can shed light on the biology of the tumor and the metastatic process," said Phil AJ Crosbie, MD, Ph.D., first author of the article.

Regular exercise linked to the decrease in breast cancer incidence among African-American women

Regular exercise linked to the decrease in breast cancer incidence among African-American women -

Regular exercise, including brisk walking, is associated with a decreased incidence of breast cancer in African American women. In a recently published study Cancer Epidemiology, Biomarkers & Prevention , researchers at Slone Epidemiology Center at Boston University have found strong evidence linking physical activity with a lower rate of breast cancer among African American women, a group in which previous evidence was lacking.

In a large prospective study of the health of black women, the study on women's health Black (BWHS), researchers gathered information on exercise habits, such as the time spent exercise per week and type of exercise. They followed over 44,000 African American women over 16 years and observed that they developed breast cancer.

They found that women who exercised vigorously for seven hours or more per week were 25 percent less likely to develop breast cancer, compared with those who exercised less than one hour per week. Examples of vigorous activity include basketball, swimming, running and aerobics. The results were similar whether women walked briskly, but there was no benefit to walking at a normal pace. The results did not differ by the status of breast cancer estrogen receptor

Lynn Rosenberg, ScD, professor of epidemiology at the School of Public Health and principal investigator of the study of health black women, Boston University said: "Although expert review committees have accepted a link between exercise and the incidence of breast cancer, the majority of study participants were white women. This is the first large study to support that vigorous exercise can reduce breast cancer incidence among African-American women. "

New gene therapy approach could save people with muscular atrophy disease

New gene therapy approach could save people with muscular atrophy disease -

A discovery by the scientist Dan Rodgers Washington State University and collaborator Paul Gregorevic could save millions suffering from muscle wasting disease.

the result of the four-year project team is a therapeutic approach of the new gene. The work was published in the July 20 Science Translational Medicine , a journal of the American Association for the Advancement of Science.

"Chronic disease affects more than half of the world population," said Rodgers, a professor of animal sciences and director of the Washington Center for muscle biology. "Most of these diseases are accompanied by muscle atrophy.

" It occurs with chronic infection, muscular dystrophy, malnutrition and old age, "he said." About half of people who die of cancer are actually dying lose muscle and there is no one treatment out there who approaches.

family history inspires research for the treatment

"I have a strong motivation to do something about it, to do more than just publish results, "said Rodgers, who teamed with Gregorevic Baker IDI Heart and Diabetes Institute in Australia. "My father died of cachexia," the wasting disease caused by cancer, "and my nephew has Duchenne muscular dystrophy, an incurable and fatal disease that could claim his life in his teens.

" others have tried and failed to develop treatments for muscle wasting, "said Rodgers," and even some drugs have caused serious security problems. Our targeted approach only affects the muscles and completely avoids these problems, which is why we believe we have a solution. "

the paper's senior author Catherine Winbanks, a postdoctoral fellow Gregorevic, details how the researchers constructed muscle healthy mice and prevent the loss of skeletal and cardiac muscle in mice with tumors.

debilitating muscular effect of the hormone blocked

in cachexia, tumors secrete hormones that cause deterioration of muscles. Indeed, the body eats its own muscles, causing weakness, frailty and fatigue

"What kills a lot of people are not losing skeletal muscle, but the heart muscle," said Rodgers' heart. literally shrinks, causing heart failure "

researchers have long sought to stop this process, but failed to find a safe That's because the hormones that cause waste -. .. in particular, a natural hormone called myostatin - play important roles in the rest of the body

Rodgers and Gregorevic needed a way to stop myostatin, but only in the muscles Their solution:. . an adeno-associated virus - a virus that specifically targets Benin heart and skeletal muscle

the virus delivers a small piece of DNA - a signaling protein called Smad7. - in the muscle cells then two Smad7 signaling proteins Smad2 and Smad3 called blocks, which are activated by myostatin and other hormones from muscle atrophy. by blocking these signals, stops the fan Smad7 muscles.

"is the breaking Smad7 natural body and by inhibiting the inhibitor, you build muscle, "said Rodgers.

For patients with cachexia, such therapy could massively increase their chances of survival.

"instead of having a year to the fight against cancer, you would have 10 or 15," said Rodgers.

start work to develop commercial drugs

In 2015, Rodgers launched AAVogen, a company that will develop this discovery into a commercial drug, AVGN7.

He worked with Norman Ong, an associated license technology WSU office marketing, patent, seed funding and recruitment for AAVogen. Using funds from the allocation of funds from the WSU trade gap, the Rodgers laboratory will determine the lowest effective dose for AVGN7.

"We want to transform the WSU discoveries in the real world uses that benefit the public," said Ong. "Dan is a busy scientist, so we are proud to help and connect with AAVogen good people. "

"I formed this company with one goal: to move the science in society, to see applied," said Rodgers' office marketing WSU was instrumental and invaluable in this effort..

"Now we have a company with the potential to save many lives," he said.

Lung cancer diagnostic tool can be used safely in elderly people to make a more accurate diagnosis

Lung cancer diagnostic tool can be used safely in elderly people to make a more accurate diagnosis -

Lung cancer diagnostic tool proven safe and effective for patientsa former Manchester recent study found that a procedure to collect tissue samples from lung cancer patients can be safely used in the elderly -. allowing physicians to make more accurate diagnoses and choose the appropriate treatment

half of all lung cancer patients are older than 70 when first diagnosed, but studies have shown these older patients are less likely to receive an accurate diagnosis

a proper assessment of the stage of the disease a patient -. how their tumor has grown and spread - is the key to ensure they receive the right treatment

non-invasive methods to check whether a patient's cancer has spread to their lymph nodes sensitivity and limited until recently, the only way to get a tissue sample was under general anesthesia -. limit the use in elderly patients who often have other conditions that may limit the use of general anesthesia

Now, researchers at the University Hospital of South Manchester NHS Foundation Trust and University Manchester -. part of the Manchester Cancer Research Centre - will be explored a new technique: endobronchial transbronchial aspiration guided needle ultrasound (EBUS-TBNA). This method is carried out under sedation while the patient is conscious and uses ultrasound to guide a sampling needle downwardly through the airways of the lungs.

Dr. Richard Booton, Consultant Respiratory Physician at the North West Lung Centre and lecturer at the Institute of the University of inflammation and repair that conducted the study, said: " We wanted to see if there were differences between patients aged under 70 and those over 70, in terms of safety technology. and how it was useful for diagnosis

" the team recently published their findings in the Journal of Thoracic Oncology and found that the procedure was well tolerated at all ages - even in elderly patients over 80 years. They also showed that EBUS-TBNA is effective for determining whether a patient's tumor had spread to lymph nodes.

"To be able to safely take tissue samples will also allow us to test for sub-specific tumor types and better determine the most appropriate treatment for each patient," said Dr. Booton .

Researchers are developing a new approach for visualization of oxygen in the tissues

Researchers are developing a new approach for visualization of oxygen in the tissues -

Learn to look inside a body without cutting open is always an important part of medical research. One of the great challenges of imaging remains the visualization of oxygen in the tissues. A team led by Professor Vasilis Ntziachristos, chair for biological imaging at the Technische Universität München (TUM) and director of the Institute for Biological and Medical Imaging at the Helmholtz Zentrum München, has developed a new approach to this task.

The imaging of tissue oxygenation is not simple; various techniques have been proposed, but each has its shortcomings. In recent years, research in this area has focused on optoacoustic methods. These, optoacoustic tomography especially multispectral (MSOT) form one of the key areas of research Vasilis Ntziachristos

In simple terms, MSOT transforms light into sound and then into information visual. First, a weak pulsed laser beam is directed at the tissue. absorbent molecules and cells react with a minute vibration, which in turn, creates sound signals. The sound signals are then picked up by acoustic sensors and translated into images. How molecules and cells react to the laser beam provides an overview of their perspective and thus in their biochemical properties.

complex tissue is a barrier to optoacoustic imaging

Although MSOT can, in theory, be used to indicate the amount of oxygen can be found in the blood, there is a major obstacle: the light intensity changes with depth, not only because the light was filtered through all the layers of fabric he went through, but also because the tissue structures different may have different properties that affect how the light is scattered and absorbed. In the past, there have been several attempts to solve this problem by calculating how the fabric will affect the propagation of light. "However, due to the high optical complexity of tissue, this approach until now could not be applied flexibly in optoacoustic images of living subjects tissues," said Stratis Tzoumas, first author of a study published in Nature Communications , in which scientists describe their new method.

a new description of light distribution in tissues

Ntziachristos, Tzoumas, and colleagues came up with a completely different approach instead of describing the spatial distribution of light, their imaging method eMSOT -. e means "eigenspectra" - avoids simulating the path of light through a total complex tissue. instead, the new method is based on the discovery that the spectrum of the light propagating in the tissue can be described using a small number of basis spectra. eMSOT uses data from a vector MSOT-device combined with a new algorithm which is based on this new way of describing the spectrum of light to correct the effects of the propagation of light in the tissue and obtain precise images of blood oxygenation in the tissue.

With eMSOT, scientists were able to visualize the level of oxygenation of the blood of the living tissue up to one centimeter below the skin surface. "Theoretically, the imaging depth can be extended to more than that," said Stratis Tzoumas. "There is, however, a limit to about three because at some point, the light can not penetrate the tissue further. "scientists have observed greatly improved accuracy in eMSOT compared to optical approaches and optoacoustic earlier. in addition to being non-invasive and without radiation, eMSOT also provides comparable or higher resolution both spatially and temporally, that . other optical imaging methods "information on the amount of oxygen in the tissues is important regarding the different areas of research and treatment - for tumor growth for example or in the measures metabolism, "says Vasilis Ntziachristos." It may be that eMSOT becomes the method of the gold standard, once it is ready for clinical use. "

statistical genetics analysis can detect the aggressive lymphoma

statistical genetics analysis can detect the aggressive lymphoma -

Each year more than a thousand Norwegians develop lymphoma. A statistical genetic analysis can detect when the disease is aggressive. Thus, treatment may be initiated in time.

Lymphoma afflicts over 1,000 Norwegians per year. Most patients are young. A new statistical method developed at the University of Oslo in Norway now allows doctors to determine at an early stage of the disease process which will develop an aggressive variant, when it occurs and escape.

The new statistical method will be able to determine who will need a bone marrow transplant and who can be spared the extreme burden this atrocious treatment involves.

results were recently published in the blood, a top-of-the-line Journal for hematologists.

many different types of lymphoma

lymphoma can be divided into 60 sub-groups. The forecasts are unpredictable. Some no recurrence, while in others the disease recurs quickly. Some patients with repeated recurrences.

The survival of patients vary greatly. Some patients die within a year or two, while others survive for twenty to thirty years. Those who survive suffer many symptoms. In addition, treatment can have major adverse effects

The two main groups of lymphoma are Hodgkin, which mainly affects young -. With about 130 cases per year - and non-Hodgkin's, with a little less than 1,000 cases each year.

In the group that develops non-Hodgkin's, 15 percent are achieved by the T cell cancer and 85 percent by cancer B cells T cells and B cells are both part of the system adaptive immune defense. B and T lymphocytes eliminate intruder in different ways. T cells attack the bacteria and viruses in particular. B cells produce antibodies that in turn intruder attack.

Therefore, it is extremely damaging when cancer disables certain parts of the immune defense system.

aggressive variant

Professors Erlend Smeland and Harald Holte at the Cancer Research Institute, UiO, and the Oncology Department of the Oslo University Hospital are among the specialists the most important country in the cell lymphoma B. This is the largest group of lymphoma, which affects more than 800 Norwegians every year.

This form of cancer can be divided into aggressive and indolent variant. The indolent form can develop very slowly without significant patient discomfort, but it can gradually change the character and turn more aggressive. Where appropriate, the prognosis deteriorates. The change to the aggressive variant is called transformation. The question is: who will develop this transformation and will be spared

Three percent develop this transformation in a year .. This means that, after fifteen years, half of all concerned will be developed the transformation.

Predicting who will become sick

With Marianne Brodtkorb, a doctor at the Institute of Cancer Research and Ole Christian Lingjaerde, professor and head of biomedical bioinformatics research group at the Institute of computer, researchers have discovered a new method that can predict at an early stage of the disease will relapse and recidivism when displayed.

"the point is to be able to tailor treatment and stifle cancer in the bud, or delay or at best to avoid the heaviest treatment for those who are not risk. Thus, many may have a milder form of treatment they have today, "says Harald Holte.

to succeed, researchers need to find the genetic fingerprint of the different variants of cancer . it was a daunting task.

Historic Material

the only way to do that was to examine all the tissue samples frozen costs of diagnostic biobank the Norwegian Radium hospital back in 1970 Norway is one of the few countries in the world where tissue samples of all patients with cancer were recorded. As part of the biopsy were frozen, the genetic material remains intact.

the researchers compared the genetic fingerprint with the evolution of the disease in all patients, such as how the disease developed when the aggressive variant occurred, namely the transformation, and for how long the patient survived.

"We found genetic markers that predict the early stage of the disease the patient how to behave and how the course of the disease will develop," Erlend Smeland highlights the Apollo Research magazine.

found the most important genes

the researchers detected a total of 700 amendments to both DNA and RNA. RNA is the active component of DNA.

Brodtkorb Marianne, who recently received his doctoral degree, a survey of these 700 genes functioned the same way. They found 14 genes that have the same function. Subsequently, she only studied these markers.

"This demonstrated for the first time that these 14 genes are associated with the transformation. These genes are known in other forms of lymphoma, but they still have not been associated with this type of lymphoma. With this new knowledge, we can now test known methods of treatment for this disease, "says Brodtkorb.

Furthermore, they identified the range of genes that fluctuate in unison with the 14 genes. These genes enhance the effects of the disease.

"in fact, this means a range of 30 to 50 genes for each of the 14 genes. These genes ranges are unrelated to the first 700 changes were detected. "

new statistics

to compare the DNA of several thousand samples, Ole Christian Lingjaerde developed completely new statistical methods.

" We need use fairly sophisticated statistical methods to detect the genetic signature that allows us to predict if and when cancer will enter aversive "said Lingjaerde.

Robotic surgeries and open for prostate cancer to achieve the same quality of life outcomes at 3 months

Robotic surgeries and open for prostate cancer to achieve the same quality of life outcomes at 3 months -

Early results suggest a similar quality life outcomes at 3 months, but longer follow -up is now necessary more test 2 years

the first randomized controlled trial to compare robotic surgery directly to open surgery for patients with localized prostate cancer found that robotic surgery open and get similar results in terms of quality of key indicators of life at 3 months. The study, published in The Lancet is the first step of a test and quality reporting of results in life such as urinary and sexual function 2 years. In the longer term follow-up is now needed to fully assess the results of both techniques, including cancer survival.

Since the use of laparoscopic prostatectomy robotic-assisted (RALP) was first reported in 00, he has been rapid adoption of robotic surgery for men with prostate cancer. A million men are diagnosed with prostate cancer in the world each year. The most common treatment for localized disease is surgery to remove the prostate gland, and some men experience urinary and erectile problems after surgery. For most men, the operation will get rid of cancer cells, but for about one in three men, the cancer cells can return some time after the operation.

In the US, 80-85% of prostatectomies are done robotically, and although the proportion is lower in the UK and Europe, it increases. Robotic surgery is more expensive than open surgery (the initial cost of the robot is about 1.5 million £) and to date, there have been no randomized controlled trials comparing robot to open surgery .

"Surgery has long been the dominant approach for localized cancer of the prostate treatment, with many clinicians now recommending robotic method for patients. Many clinicians argue that the benefits of robotics technology leadership to improve the quality of life and oncological results. Our randomized trial, the first of its kind, found no statistical difference in the quality of life outcomes between the two groups at 12 weeks of follow-up. now patients are followed for a total of 2 years to fully assess the long-term outcomes, including cancer survival, "says lead author, Professor Robert Frank Gardiner, University of Queensland Centre for clinical research Brisbane, Australia. "in the meantime, patients should choose an experienced surgeon that they trust and with whom they have a relationship, rather than basing their decision on a specific surgical approach."

RALP uses a high magnification (x10) 3D camera allows the surgeon to see inside the patient's abdomen through a keyhole incision. The device is connected to one of the four arms of the robot - the other three hold other surgical instruments needed for the operation. The surgeon in the operating room, but is away from the patient and controls the robotic arms to perform the operation (link to pictures below). Robot-assisted surgery is most often used for prostatectomies, but is increasingly used in gynecology, cardiothoracics, head and neck, and general surgery, and other operations in urology.

308 men with prostate cancer were included in the study and were randomized to receive either the robot-assisted surgery (157) or open surgery (radical prostatectomy) (151) and were followed for 12 weeks after the operation. All operations were carried out by two surgeons at the Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital.

The main findings included the urinary and sexual function at 12 weeks and there was no difference between the two groups. There is also no difference in the number of postoperative complications. Patients who underwent open surgery spent more time in the hospital after surgery, but on average, both groups spent the same number of working days.

Patients who underwent open surgery lost on average three times more blood (although no transfusion was required during operations because blood was recycled in patients during opening operations ). After the surgery, patients who underwent robotic surgery experienced less pain doing day to day activities (1 week), and better overall physical quality of life (6 weeks). Well over time, differences leveled and became non-significant at 12 weeks.

The authors note that the urinary and sexual function can continue to improve up to 3 years after surgery, so the differences in results between the two groups could appear later. The study is the first step of a two-year trial

Writing in a linked comment, Professor Ara Darzi, Imperial College London, UK said :.

The clinical community is waiting impatiently for 1 year oncologic outcomes; the last patient underwent surgery in March, 2015. This will be the interpretation of the long-term functional and oncologic results that reveal the full implications of this study for clinical practice ... tests that show the equivalence of an innovation sometimes interpreted as supporting a return to the existing practice, including rediverting the formation of a generation of surgeons who could have followed the evolution of innovation. Equivalence and non-inferiority should also be considered positive, showing innovation has preserved its intended use and well-established surgery as good oncologic results balanced against acceptable functional side effects. These are the advances in applied technology, reducing the trauma of access and invasiveness of surgery, which also provide the platform on which to develop ancillary technological innovations to further improve the quality and safety surgery. Our challenge as a community is to demonstrate the translation to the sides of major health and economic impact safe and profitable.