Genetic analysis of the tumor reveals new approach for classification of cancers -
Atlas Researchers (TCGA) Research Network Cancer Genome completed the largest most diverse genetic analysis, the tumor ever conducted, revealing a new cancer classification approach. The work, led by researchers from the UNC Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center at North Carolina University at Chapel Hill and other TCGA sites not only revamps traditional ideas of how cancers are diagnosed and treated, but could also have a profound impact on the future of drug development landscape.
"We found that one in 10 cancers analyzed in this study were classified differently by using this new approach," said Chuck Perou, PhD, Professor of Genetics and Pathology, member of the UNC . Lineberger and senior author of the paper, which appears online on August 7 to cell "This means that 10 percent of patients could be better for a different therapy -. Which is huge "
Since 06, much of the research has identified cancer as not one disease, but many types and subtypes and defined these types of tissue based diseases - the breast, lung, colon, etc., -. in which it originated in this scenario, the treatments were tailored to which the tissue was affected, but questions have always existed because some treatments work, and fail to others, even when a type of fabric is tested.
in their work, the TCGA researchers analyzed more than 3,500 tumors in 12 different tissue types to see how they compared to each another - the largest set of genomic data of the tumors never met, explained Katherine Hoadley, PhD, genetics research assistant professor and lead author They found that cancers are more likely to be genetically similar by. type of cell where the cancer originates, according to the type of tissue in which it originated.
"In some cases, the cells in the tissue from which the tumor are the same," said Hoadley. "But in other cases, the tissue in which cancer is from the compound is of several cell types each of which can give rise to tumors. the understanding of the cell in which is from a cancer seems to be very important in determining the subtype of a tumor and, in turn, how the tumor behaves and how it should be treated. "
Peru and Hoadley explained that the new approach could also change the way cancer drugs are developed, focusing more on the development of drugs targeting large groups of cancers having genomic similarities, as opposed to a single type of tumor as they are being developed.
a striking example of genetic differences within a single type of tissue is breast cancer. Breast, a very complex organ with many types of cells, gives rise to many types of breast cancer; luminal A, luminal B, HER2-enriched and basal-like, which was previously known. In this analysis, basal-like breast cancers looked more like ovarian cancer and cancers original squamous cell, a cell type that makes up the bottom layer of tissue, rather than other cancers arise in the chest.
"This latest research further strengthens the basal-like breast cancer is a very unique disease and is completely separate from other breast cancer types," said Peru. In addition, cancers bladder were also very diverse and may represent at least three different types of diseases have also shown differences in patient survival.
as part of the Alliance for clinical trials in oncology, a national network of leading clinical trials researchers, UNC researchers are already testing the efficacy of carboplatin - a common treatment for ovarian cancer - above the level of chemotherapy treatments for breast cancer triple negative (CSTN ) patients, of which 80 percent are basal-like subtype. the results of this study (called CALGB40603) were just published on 6 August in the Journal of Clinical Oncology and showed an advantage of carboplatin in TNBC patients. This new result of the clinical trial suggests that there may be great value in comparing the clinical results across different tumor types for which this study highlights as having common genomic similarities.
As participants in TCGA, UNC Lineberger scientists have been involved in multiple individual tissue type of studies, including the most recent analysis of a complete genomic profile of lung adenocarcinoma. Peru seminal work in 00 led to the first discovery of breast cancer as not one, but actually four distinct subtypes of the disease. These latest findings should continue to lay the foundations of what could be the next generation of cancer diagnosis.
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